Lgbt Rights On The Bathroom It s A Big Deal Essay

Transgender Rights in the Bathroom: It’s a Big Deal Right now, in some states, transgender people are forbidden by the law to use the bathroom that they identify with. For some people, this comes as a shock; it is hard for them to believe that in modern society there are still such laws in place marginalizing a group of people. However, there are loud voices that still very much do not want to see transgender people protected by the law. In the age of human rights, in a country that claims to be free, it is time that transgender people are protected by federal laws and are able to use the bathroom of the gender that they identify with. If we do not protect transgender people, we will be putting the mental and physical health of transgender youth at risk; we will be enabling prejudice in schools; and we will be failing to protect transgender women from false abuse accusations. There are a few terms that one should be familiar with when discussing this topic. Gender is defined by cultural and social norms; while sex is defined by reprod uctive ability. The term â€Å"cisgender† refers to someone whose gender matches his or her born sex. The term is just beginning to be used in national vocabulary, but has not yet been added to all dictionaries. Time explains in an article titled â€Å"This Is What ‘Cisgender’ Means† that â€Å"the word exists to serve as an equal to transgender† (Steinmetz). Transgender is the term for people whose gender does not match their born sex. Whether or not theyShow MoreRelatedThe Bathroom Bill Should Not Be A Federally Mandated Law1496 Words   |  6 Pageseveryone has kept their eye out on North Carolina due to the House Bill 2, also known as the â€Å"bathroom bill,† they passed March 23rd of 2016. This particular bill requires Transgender people to use the restroom of the gender assigned to them at birth. It also â€Å"banned any minimum-wage increases or anti-discrimination statutes local governments might pass† (McCLELLAND 40). Not on ly did this aggravate the LGBT community, it has agitated many of their supporters, specially celebrities. The bill has causedRead MoreThe Gay Is Good Campaign1580 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica, in some way or another, has always had obstacles with segregation. It’s been happening since the beginning of time, but the biggest one was with black rights. In the mid-19th century, the â€Å"Jim Crow† law mandated the â€Å"separate but equal† status. African American’s had separate schools, churches, bathrooms, sections in restaurants, and they sat in different parts of the bus than Caucasians. Blacks were treated unfairly, and finally, after a hundred years of standing up for themselves, theyRead MoreLgbt Rights : Transgender Rights1480 Words   |  6 PagesTransgender Rights Cassidy Howell No one wants to feel like they do not belong or like they are not cared for. Transgender people are just like everyone else and deserve to be treated equally to cisgendered people, or people who identify as the gender they were given at birth. According to Sam Killerman, being transgendered means living as a member of a gender other than that expected based on sex assigned at birth. This definition is extremely important because a transgender person is still aRead MoreThe Psychological Factors Of The Bathroom Bill1279 Words   |  6 PagesPsychological Factors of the â€Å"Bathroom Bill† Next month will make a year that everyone has kept their eye out on North Carolina due to the House Bill 2, also known as the â€Å"bathroom bill,† they passed March 23rd of 2016. The particular bill requires transgender people to use the restroom of the gender assigned to them at birth. It also â€Å"banned any minimum-wage increases or anti-discrimination statutes local governments might pass† (McCLELLAND 40). Not only did this aggravate the LGBT community, it has agitatedRead MoreCoretta Scott, Not Just the Wife of Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the important things she did for this country? Coretta put her life in danger for believing what she supported and was right. Mrs. King also had programs to stay together with the community. She supported other people’s beliefs and doing that gave some people motivation that anything is possible. People also have to give her credit for even being Martin Luther King Jr.’s wife. His family had to go through a lot with him being an African American trying to change history. With that being saidRead MorePersuasive Essay On Transgender Women1891 Words   |  8 Pagestransgender women are defined as a woman. Every year the number of transgender women increases drastically and the suffrage they go through worsen as the days go by. Nevertheless, transgender women deal with people arguing about their rights, but I strongly believe that they should be given the right to be identified as the current gender that they are. I know there’s more than a thousand of people who would agree with me and im about to tell you why. Many factors contribute to the discriminationRead MoreMy First Relationship At The Age Of Fourteen Essay2223 Words   |  9 Pagescalling me a promiscuous female and a cheater I denied and that’s when he let his anger out on me and pushed me to his bedroom door holding me down with no one home to hear my boisterous screaming for help. I managed to run out of his room to the bathroom to call my sister for help, and in about half an hour she thumped on his house door to get me out. I managed to get out of the house, crying on my sister’s shoulders feeling like the world was against me. For several weeks I couldn t eat, sleepRead MoreA Comprehensive Analysis of Hyatt Hotels Corpor ation and How It Relates to Competition Within the Hotel Industry27390 Words   |  110 Pages| gt;65 | gt;70 | Baby Boomer | 45-64 | 51-69 | Generation X | 30-44 | 37-50 | Generation Y | lt;30 | lt;36 | (Source: Deloitte Research, 2010) Mature - over 65 years old - consumers will be looking for price deals and freebies to limit their spending. Generation X is becoming the driving force in family travel and is entering into its peak earning years. The discerning Generation Y is providing to be brand loyal when its expectations are exceeded and this

The Public Perceptions Of Animal Research - 1303 Words

Ignorance is bliss. Animal research is one of those topics that, for most of us, we try not to think about. Most people recognize it as a necessity, but few accept it without hesitation. When asked about the subject of animal research people ponder the topic, and then want clarification. â€Å"What exactly is animal research?† â€Å"Is it animal testing?† â€Å"Where is the line between research/testing and cruelty?† The most common phrase I heard was â€Å"necessary evil.† We know that is goes on, but we aren’t completely comfortable knowing the details. Most people seemed to operate under the â€Å"out of sight, out of mind† mentality. But, once the questions are answered, and we stop skirting around the topic, and really ask ourselves how we feel about it. Where do we fall on the spectrum of acceptance? There have been many studies and poles that look at the public perceptions on animal research. The Gallup survey on Values and Beliefs sta rted collecting data here in the United States in 2001. They ask a simple question: Is medical testing on animals morally acceptable, or morally wrong? And in ten years they have watch the morally wrong numbers climb ten points. There are many reasons why this may be occurring, and one of the bigger drivers of that rise may be the increase in social media. A soapbox for those who want to be heard. Animal protection groups have, very successfully, utilized social media to spread their message. Celebrity endorsements of these groups also fuel the fire of theirShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experiments And Its Effects On Human Suffering And Improve The Quality Of Human Life826 Words   |  4 Pagespeople support animal experiment and believed the results of those testings can ease human suffering and improve the quality of human life (Kruse, 2001). Many medical achievements in the past century have depended directly or indirectly on animal researches. The develop of the treatment of diabetes, leukaemia and heart surgery transplants have been made possible largely through the use of animals in scientific researches. And 90% of the public accepted the need for the use of animals when certain researchRead MoreHuman Nature : Humans And Humans928 Words   |  4 Pagesshaping civilization. Animals, domesticated animals in particular, have not received proper credit for all they have done in shaping, developing and organizing society. As well as having an effect on the evolution and development of society, nonhuman animals undoubtably also have a significant effect on the way in which human beings interact. The social relationship between animals and humans will be examined, along with the social meanings that shape the role and status of animals in society. The relationshipsRead MoreThe Dairy Farmer, The Perception That The Public Has Affected Their Overall Wellbeing As A Company Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction For the modern dairy farmer, the perception that the public has regarding the industry has a significant impact on their overall wellbeing as a company. However, most people in modern society have little personal experience with farming, and their opinions are often based on second-hand information (Boogaard et al. 2010). In general people are more concerned with the welfare of the animals and want them to be able to display natural behaviours like grazing on pasture for most of theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned860 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The use of animals in research has created a diverse range of attitudes, as some individuals support the use of animals in research and others are against it. Sometimes people do not have enough background knowledge on this topic to be involved in a discussion of animal testing. Animal testing dates back to around 400 years ago, when one of the first famous researchers William Harvey was curious to discover how blood circulates around the body. The modern era of animal testing began aroundRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1278 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal testing or animal experimentation is the use of non-human species such as animals, in experiments to test the affect of controlled variables on the subjects behaviour or physical appearance. The use of animal testing in science is a controversial issue that has divided the public for many centuries; between immense passion and emotion from those opposing the practice, and those that preach its integral part in the advancem ent of science. The divide in the topic is between the scientific communityRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1603 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Animal testing is conducted every day for scientific research. About twenty-five million animals participate in experiments annually. These tests occur in order to determine how chemicals or products can affect a human body. Although the use of the animals has advanced scientific research, there is a worldwide debate on the belief that the use of animals in experiments is immoral. The US government did not require animal testing until a drug, elixir sulfanilamide, was put into certainRead MoreAnimal Abuse Is The Act Of Cruelty And Infliction Of Pain On Non Human Animals1120 Words   |  5 Pages1 Jonathan Corbin Ms. Powell English 1020 5 Nov, 2015 Animal Abuse Animal abuse is the act of cruelty and infliction of pain on non-human animals. Dogs are the most common victims of the abuse. How do you feel about people abusing poor, innocent animals? I strongly believe there should be a greater punishment for the crimes committed.The controversy has grown greatly in the last few years with the increase of most abuse cases. Animal rights activists are working hard to bring success intoRead MoreAnimal Testing Persuasive Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pages About 19,500,000 animals in total are killed in scientific research every year. This means that about twenty percent of the animals tested on each year die, which may not seem like a large percentage; however, if it is taken into account that this happens to the same species in an endless cycle, the numbers can begin to build. Although, through this process of testing, many lifesaving medicines have been created for all types of animals including humans. So, the issue the world is experiencing rightRead MoreStructure Of The Research: .Definition Of Brand Trust1494 Words   |  6 Pages Structure of the research: Definition of brand trust; Reasons for low brand trust in the marketing channels. What is brand misconduct according to the consumers? Brand equity’s and brand credibility’s role in building and maintaining brand trust; Negative publicity ; Reputational capital; Conclusion; Definition of brand trust: The human beings naturally seek fellows to trust, moreover the trust is the only bridge toward building any kind of relationship. The definition of trust, accordingRead MoreThe Medical Disaster Associated With Thalidomide Administration1231 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION In 1952, a drug named K17 was being developed in post-war Switzerland by drug company Ciba. Although intended for animals, it showed no effects on animals. This drug would be later developed by Chemie Grunenthal and be marketed as thalidomide, a mild sedative (alpha-phthalimido-glutarimide). Thalidomide would later go on to be primarily responsible for the deformity (Phocomelia) of tens of thousands of children across the world. The aim of this study is to highlight the medical disaster

Rational Choice Theory and Religion †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Rational Choice Theory and Religion. Answer: Introduction: Religion is a broad field of study. Religion has many different views. There are different believers of different religion. Religion offers various beliefs and various thoughts. It varies from person to person and it varies within different communities. The religion is defined by different people in different manner. It is included in the academic curriculum in order to highlight the unidentified angle of religion. In the academic curriculum religion is described as the way of living life. The historical aspects related to the religion is being taught in the academic syllabus. While studying the religion in the academic course the people are not concerned whether the claims made are genuine or not. Apart from this the academic curriculum does not compel the students to join that particular religion. In the curriculum religion is studied as a historical, social and cultural phenomenon. The academic curriculum teaches the student how religion affects history, culture, politics and the social norms. The essay however presents a critical thought on the students who are involved in the study of religion has more advantage than the students who are not in the study of religion[1]. The students who are in the study of religion learns to be more rational and they learn to be more practical. They develop certain skills like they understand the skill of thoroughly understanding the religious practices and beliefs. The students develops the thought of the reason of the importance of the religion to the religious community and the society. It enables the students to the cultural context that makes the individuals to react either negatively or positively to the belief or the practices that prevails. The academic knowledge enables the students to judge the practice whether the practice is justified or not. The students are exposed to the social and the psychological aspects of religion[2]. The students who are aloof form the study of religion are not aware of the practical reasoning power of the religion. They are not aware of the fact that there are certain psychological reasons behind every religion. They are not exposed to the cultural reasons of following a certai n religion. Studying the religion as an outsider brings out more possibilities to the concept of religion. The study of religion brings out an outsider view. This is the reason studying religion in the outsider setting is important[3]. The students who are not in the study of religion are not aware of the different angle that are attached to the religion. They believe in a particular religion without knowing the practical reasons that are attached to the belief of the particular religion. Religion is seen by them form a superstitious angle. They treat religion as a means to end. The students who are not in touch with the appropriate study of religion misinterpret the religious texts and they fail to understand the real meaning of the text. The religious texts does not force the individuals to obey the laws. It gives practical and scientific justification of maintaining the aspects that are necessary to live in the society[4]. The students who are not in touch with the study of religion are unable to know the real reasons of believing in religion and the reason of leading the life in the way it is mentioned in the religious texts. Moreover the study of religion makes the students aware of the global culture and glob al religion. The students who are not in touch with the study of religion are not able to have global thoughts and they fail to realize the scope that the other religions have[5]. The students who are involved in the study of religion have the capacity to turn their childish thoughts into mature thoughts. They have the capacity to turn the darkness into light. The most important thing that the students are able to gain by seeking the religious knowledge is they will be able to make the world a better place to live in[6]. It has been observed in the recent times that there are many religious organizations who claim to have the authentic religious knowledge and they have the power to influence others to believe in a certain religion. The religious communities takes the advantage of the illiteracy among the people and they target those who are not literate enough. The religious communities commit the crime under the title of religion. They try to convince the people that they got the instruction from God and that it is written in the holy texts[7]. The students who are not in touch with the religious subject might believe the same and they might commit the crime as well. The person who will go through the religious texts thoroughly or will do an effective research on religion will know the difference between the right and the wring and can challenge the sayings of the communities. This would enable the students to make the world a better place to live in. The other advantage of getting involved in the study of the religion it can be dealt as the extreme power. Attaining knowledge is equivalent of attaining power. Attaining religious knowledge is the same. The knowledge about the religious cultures and religious lives makes it as one of the most powerful social as well as cultural forces in the human history. It makes the students realize that religion is present everywhere and it always remains integral to the cultures of the human beings. It develops a spiritual self-knowledge of the students who are involved in the study of religion[8]. Therefore this can be concluded by saying that the real motive of the study of religion is developing the personalities of the students and to make the students practical and rational. The reasoning power of the students are sharpened with study of religion. This is the reason the students who acquire the correct knowledge of religion is always on the advantageous side as they are not compelled to blindly follow the religion but they are exposed to different truths of the religion. This is the reason they must be studied. References Beidelman, Thomas O.W. Robertson Smith and the sociological study of religion. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2016. Esack, Faird. "Redeeming Islam: Constructing the Good Muslim Subject in the Contemporary Study of Religion."Alternation Journal11 (2017): 36-60. Furseth, Inger, and Pl Repstad.An introduction to the sociology of religion: Classical and contemporary perspectives. Routledge, 2017. Guyau, Jean-Marie.The non-religion of the future: A sociological study. Vol. 39. HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY, 2015. Iannaccone, Laurence R. "Rational choice."Rational choice theory and religion: summary and assessment(2016). Klass, Morton.Ordered universes: Approaches to the anthropology of religion. Routledge, 2018. Lovejoy, Arthur.The great chain of being: A study of the history of an idea. Routledge, 2017. Mitchell, Claire.Religion, identity and politics in Northern Ireland: Boundaries of belonging and belief. Routledge, 2017.

Protein and Skill Essay Example

Protein and Skill Paper The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules In Chapter 5, the principles of chemistry covered in earlier chapters are applied to the understanding of biological polymers and lipid membranes. The emphasis is on properly linking monomers and their polymers, and on the structural and functional diversity of the different polymer types. Particular attention is given to protein structure, because this is central to understanding subsequent chapters on metabolism, molecular biology, and molecular medicine. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Humans and mice differ because A) their cells have different small organic molecules. B) their cells make different types of large biological molecules. C) their cells make different types of lipids. D) their cells have some differences in the sequence of nucleotides in their nucleic acids. E) their cells make different types of proteins. Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions? A) hydroxyl groups B) carbonyl groups C) carboxyl groups D) either carbonyl or carboxyl groups E) either hydroxyl or carboxyl groups Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 1, 4. 3 Skill: Application/Analysis 3) Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions? A) fatty acids B) disaccharides C) DNA D) protein E) amylose Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 4) In animal metabolism, most of the monomers released by digestion of food macromolecules are metabolized to provide energy. Only a small portion of these monomers are used for synthesis of new macromolecules. The net result is that A) water is generated by animal metabolism. B) water is consumed by animal metabolism. C) the water consumed is exactly balanced by the water generated, to maintain homeostasis. We will write a custom essay sample on Protein and Skill specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Protein and Skill specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Protein and Skill specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer D) water is consumed during homeostasis, but water is generated during periods of growth. E) water is generated during homeostasis, but water is consumed during periods of growth. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Application/Analysis 5) Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers? A) lipids B) carbohydrates C) proteins D) nucleic acids E) lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids all consist of only macromolecular polymers Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 6) Which of the following is not a polymer? A) glucose B) starch C) cellulose D) chitin E) DNA Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 7) What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers? A) phosphodiester linkages B) hydrolysis C) dehydration reactions D) ionic bonding of monomers E) the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 8) How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long? A) 12 B) 11 C) 10 D) 9 E) 8 Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension ) Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers. B) Dehydration reactions eliminate water from lipid membranes, and hydrolysis makes lipid membranes water permeable. C) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. D) Hydrolysis creates monome rs, and dehydration reactions break down polymers. E) Dehydration reactions ionize water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers; hydrolysis reactions release hydroxyl groups from polymers. Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 10) Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen? A) starch B) glycogen C) cellulose D) chitin E) amylopectin Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 11) The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? A) C18H36O18 B) C18H32O16 C) C6H10O5 D) C18H10O15 E) C3H6O3 Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Application/Analysis 12) The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are the ? orm. Which of the following could amylase break down? A) glycogen B) cellulose C) chitin D) glycogen and chitin only E) glycogen, cellulose, and chitin Answer: A To pic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 13) On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer? A) cellulose B) polypeptides C) starch D) amylopectin E) chitin Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 14) A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a A) carbohydrate. B) lipid. C) monosaccharide D) carbohydrate and lipid only. E) carbohydrate and monosaccharide only. Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 15) Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? A) as a pentose B) as a hexose C) as a monosaccharide D) as a disaccharide E) as a polysaccharide Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 16) All of the following are polysaccharides except A) lactose. B) glycogen. C) chitin. D) cellulose. E) amylopectin. Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 17) Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose? A) They are both polymers of glucose. B) They are cis-trans isomers of each other. C) They can both be digested by humans. D) They are both used for energy storage in plants. E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall. Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 18) Which of the following is true of cellulose? A) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose. B) It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells. C) It is digestible by bacteria in the human gut. D) It is a major structural component of plant cell walls. E) It is a polymer composed of enantiomers of glucose, it is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells, it is digestible by bacteria in the human gut, and it is a major structural component of plant cell walls. Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 19) Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because A) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose. B) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the ? glycosidic linkages of starch but not the ? glycosidic linkages of cellulose. C) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the ? glycosidic linkages of starch but not the ? lycosidic linkages of cellulose. D) humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract. E) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is glucose with a nitrogen-containing group. Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 20) Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true? A) They are more common in animals than in plants. B) They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. C) They generally solidify at room temperature. D) They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. E) They are one of several factors that contribute to atherosclerosis. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 21) A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a A) carbohydrate. B) fatty acid. C) protein. D) nucleic acid. E) hydrocarbon. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 22) Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids? A) They are insoluble in water. B) They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate. C) They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates. D) They are made by dehydration reactions. E) They contain nitrogen. Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 23) The label on a container of margarine lists hydrogenated vegetable oil as the major ingredient. What is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil? A) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has a lower melting point. B) The hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature. C) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has more kinks in the fatty acid chains. D) The hydrogenated vegetable oil has fewer trans fatty acids. E) The hydrogenated vegetable oil is less likely to clog arteries. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 4) Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids? A) They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil. B) They have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids. C) They are the principal molecules in lard and butter. D) They are usually liquid at room temperature. E) They are usually produced by plants. Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 25) Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement? A) a steroid B) cellulose C) DNA D) an enzyme E) a contractile protein Answer: A Topic: Concepts 5. 1-5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 26) Which modifications of fatty acids will best keep triglycerides solid at warmer temperatures? A) creating cis double bonds to the fatty acids B) adding hydrogens to the fatty acids C) creating trans double bonds to the fatty acids D) adding hydrogens and trans double bonds to the fatty acids E) adding cis double bonds and trans double bonds to the fatty acids Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Application/Analysis 27) Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids? A) They are essential components of cell membranes. B) They are not soluble in water. C) They are made of fatty acids. D) They are hydrophilic compounds. E) They contribute to atherosclerosis. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 28) All of the following contain amino acids except A) hemoglobin. B) cholesterol. C) antibodies. D) enzymes. E) insulin. Answer: B Topic: Concepts 5. 3, 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 29) The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires A) the release of a water molecule. B) the release of a carbon dioxide molecule. C) the addition of a nitrogen atom. D) the addition of a water molecule. E) the release of a nitrous oxide molecule. Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 30) There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another? A) different side chains (R groups) attached to a carboxyl carbon B) different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups C) different side chains (R groups) attached to an ? carbon D) different structural and optical isomers E) different asymmetric carbons Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 31) The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires which of the following? A) removal of a water molecule B) addition of a water molecule C) formation of a glycosidic bond D) formation of a hydrogen bond E) both removal of a water molecule and formation of a hydrogen bond Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 32) Polysaccharides, triacylglycerides, and proteins are similar in that they A) are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis. B) are synthesized from subunits by dehydration reactions. C) are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers. D) are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions. E) all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks. Answer: B Topic: Concepts 5. 1-5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis 33) Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds? A) triacylglycerides B) polysaccharides C) proteins D) triacylglycerides and proteins only E) triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 1-5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 34) Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein? A) 101 B) 100 C) 99 D) 98 E) 97 Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 5) What aspects of protein structure are stabilized or assisted by hydrogen bonds? A) primary structure B) secondary structure C) tertiary structure D) quaternary structure E) secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, but not primary structure Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 36) How many different kinds of polypeptides, each composed of 12 amino acids, could be synthesiz ed using the 20 common amino acids? A) 412 B) 1220 C) 240 D) 20 E) 2012 Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis 37) Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? A) peptide bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) disulfide bonds D) phosphodiester bonds E) peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 38) What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? A) peptide bonds B) hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond C) disulfide bonds D) hydrophobic interactions E) hydrogen bonds between the R groups Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 39) Which type of interaction stabilizes the ? helix and the ? leated sheet structures of proteins? A) hydrophobic interactions B) disulfide bonds C) ionic bonds D) hydrogen bonds E) peptide bonds Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 40) Which level of protein structure do the ? helix and the ? pleated sheet represent? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Sk ill: Knowledge/Comprehension 41) The amino acids of the protein keratin are arranged predominantly in an ? helix. This secondary structure is stabilized by A) covalent bonds. B) peptide bonds. C) ionic bonds. D) polar bonds. E) hydrogen bonds. Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 42) The tertiary structure of a protein is the A) bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds. B) order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain. C) unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide. D) organization of a polypeptide chain into an ? helix or ? pleated sheet. E) overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits. Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 3) What type of covalent bond between amino acid side chains (R groups) functions in maintaining a polypeptides specific three-dimensional shape? A) ionic bond B) hydrophobic interaction C) van der Waals interaction D) disulfide bond E) hydrogen bond Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 44) At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) all of the above Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 45) The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is –CH2–OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid leucine is –CH2–CH–(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution? A) Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. B) Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. C) Both serine and leucine would be in the interior of the globular protein. D) Both serine and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. E) Both serine and leucine would be in the interior and on the exterior of the globular protein. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. Skill: Application/Analysis 46) Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides? A) Alzheimers only B) Parkinsons only C) diabetes mellitus only D) Alzheimers and Parkinsons only E) Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and diabetes mellitus Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 47) Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would A) alter the primary structure of the protein, but not its tertiary structure or function. B) cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold. C) always alter the biological activity or function of the protein. D) always alter the primary structure of the protein and disrupt its biological activity. E) always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and affect its biological activity. Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis 48) Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of ? hemoglobin and two molecules of ? hemoglobin. In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits A) altered primary structure. B) altered secondary structure. C) altered tertiary structure. D) altered quaternary structure. E) altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered. Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis 49) What methods may be used to elucidate the structures of purified proteins? A) X-ray crystallography B) bioinformatics C) analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments D) NMR spectroscopy E) both X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 50) In a normal cellular protein, where would you expect to find a hydrophobic amino acid like valine? A) in the interior of the folded protein, away from water B) on the exterior surface of the protein, interacting with water C) in the transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains D) in the interior of the folded protein, away from water, or in a transmembrane portion interacting with lipid fatty acid chains E) anywhere in the protein, with equal probability Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis 51) Which of the following techniques uses the amino acid sequences of polypeptides to predict a proteins three-dimensional structure? A) X-ray crystallography B) bioinformatics C) analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments D) NMR spectroscopy E) high-speed centrifugation Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 52) If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 35S, which of these molecules will be labeled? A) phospholipids B) nucleic acids C) proteins D) amylose E) both proteins and nucleic acids Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis 3) What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins? A) tertiary protein B) chaperonin C) enzyme protein D) renaturing protein E) denaturing protein Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 54) DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What w ould first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase? A) The two strands of the double helix would separate. B) The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken. C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. Answer: B Topic: Concepts 5. 1, 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 55) Which of the following statements about the 5 end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct? A) The 5 end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. B) The 5 end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. C) The 5 end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. D) The 5 end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. E) The 5 end is the fifth position on one of the nitrogenous bases. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 56) One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to A) transmit genetic information to offspring. B) function in the synthesis of proteins. C) make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity. D) act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA. E) form the genes of higher organisms. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 57) If 14C-labeled uridine triphosphate is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled? A) phospholipids B) DNA C) RNA D) both DNA and RNA E) proteins Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 58) Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? A) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group B) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar C) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar D) a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil E) a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 59) Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type? A) guanine and adenine B) cytosine and uracil C) thymine and guanine D) ribose and deoxyribose E) adenine and thymine Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 60) Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type? A) cytosine and guanine B) guanine and adenine C) adenine and thymine D) thymine and uracil E) uracil and cytosine Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 61) If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine? A) 10 B) 20 C) 40 D) 80 E) impossible to tell from the information given Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 2) A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be composed of A) 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules. B) 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules. C) 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules. D) 120 adenine and 120 cytosine molecules. E) 120 guanine and 120 thymine molecules. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 63) The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA A) is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. B) can form a double-stranded molecule. C) is an aldehyde sugar and the sugar in RNA is a keto sugar. D) is in the ? configuration and the sugar in RNA is in the ? configuration. E) contains one less oxygen atom. Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 2, 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 64) Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA? A) DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not. B) The bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not. C) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. D) DNA contains the base uracil, whereas RNA contains the base thymine. E) DNA encodes hereditary information, whereas RNA does not; the bases in DNA form base-paired duplexes, whereas the bases in RNA do not; and DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 65) If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5ATTGCA3, the other complementary strand would have the sequence A) 5TAACGT3. B) 5TGCAAT3. C) 5UAACGU3. D) 3UAACGU5. E) 5UGCAAU3. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 66) What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate? A) sugar-phosphate backbone B) complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases C) disulfide bonding (bridging) of the two helixes D) twisting of the molecule to form an ? helix E) three-component structure of the nucleotides Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 67) A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism A) is more closely related to humans than to frogs. B) is more closely related to frogs than to humans. C) evolved at about the same time as frogs, which is much earlier than primates and mammals. D) is more closely related to humans than to rats. E) is more closely related to frogs than to humans and also evolved at about the same time as frogs, which is much earlier than primates and mammals. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 68) Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis? A) the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water B) the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide with the release of water C) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water D) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the consumption of water E) the synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base with the production of a molecule of water Answer: D Topic: Concepts 5. 1-5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 9) If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 32P-labeled phosphate, which of these molecules will be labeled? A) phospholipids B) nucleic acids C) proteins D) amylose E) both phospholipids and nucleic acids Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 70) If cells are grown in a medium containing radioactive 15N, which of these molecules will be labeled? A) fatty acids only B) nucleic acids only C) proteins only D) amy lase only E) both proteins and nucleic acids Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 1) How will brief heating (to 95 °C) affect macromolecular structures in aqueous solution? A) DNA duplexes will unwind and separate. B) Proteins will unfold (denature). C) Starch will hydrolyze into monomeric sugars. D) Proteins will hydrolyze into amino acids. E) DNA duplexes will unwind and separate, and proteins will unfold (denature). Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 2, 5. 4, 5. 5 Skill: Application/Analysis 72) Which of the following is not a monomer/polymer pairing? A) monosaccharide/polysaccharide B) amino acid/protein C) triglyceride/phospholipid bilayer D) deoxyribonucleotide/DNA E) ribonucleotide/RNA Answer: C Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Art Questions [pic] Figure 5. 1 73) If two molecules of the general type shown in Figure 5. 1 were linked together, carbon-1 of one molecule to carbon-4 of the other, the single molecule that would result would be A) maltose. B) fructose. C) glucose. D) galactose. E) sucrose. Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 74) Which of the following descriptors is true of the molecule shown in Figure 5. 1? A) hexose B) fructose C) glucose D) hexose and fructose only E) hexose and glucose only Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension [pic] Figure 5. 2 75) Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 5. 2? A) It is a saturated fatty acid. B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension [pic] Figure 5. 3 76) Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 5. 3? A) It is a saturated fatty acid. B) A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. C) Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. D) It is a saturated fatty acid and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. E) It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 77) The molecule shown in Figure 5. 3 is a A) polysaccharide. B) polypeptide. C) saturated fatty acid. D) triacylglycerol. E) unsaturated fatty acid. Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension [pic] Figure 5. 4 78) What is the structure shown in Figure 5. 4? A) pentose molecule B) fatty acid molecule C) steroid molecule D) oligosaccharide molecule E) phospholipid molecule Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension [pic] Figure 5. 5 79) Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 5. ? A) It is a hydrolysis reaction. B) It results in a peptide bond. C) It joins two fatty acids together. D) It is a hydrolysis reaction and it results in a peptide bond. E) It is a hydrolysis reaction, it results in a peptide bond, and it joins two fatty acids together. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Application/Analysis Refer to Figure 5. 6 to answer the following questions. [pi c] Figure 5. 6 80) At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its component amino acid? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 1) Which bond is a peptide bond? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 82) Which bond is closest to the amino terminus of the molecule? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension [pic] Figure 5. 7 83) The structure depicted in Figure 5. 7 shows the A) 1-4 linkage of the ? glucose monomers of starch. B) 1-4 linkage of the ? glucose monomers of cellulose. C) double-helical structure of a DNA molecule. D) ? helix secondary structure of a polypeptide. E) ? pleated sheet secondary structure of a polypeptide. Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension The following questions are based on the 15 molecules illustrated in Figure 5. 8. Each molecule may be used once, more than once, or not at all. [pic] Figure 5. 8 84) Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and would be found in plasma membranes? A) 1 B) 5 C) 6 D) 12 E) 14 Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 85) Which of the following combinations could be linked together to form a nucleotide? A) 1, 2, and 11 B) 3, 7, and 8 C) 5, 9, and 10 D) 11, 12, and 13 E) 12, 14, and 15 Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 86) Which of the following molecules contain(s) an aldehyde type of carbonyl functional group? A) 1 B) 4 C) 8 D) 10 E) 1 and 4 Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 87) Which molecule is glycerol? A) 1 B) 6 C) 10 D) 14 E) 15 Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 88) Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid? A) 1 B) 5 C) 6 D) 8 E) 9 Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 89) Which of the following molecules is a purine type of nitrogenous base? A) 2 B) 3 C) 5 D) 12 E) 13 Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 90) Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides? A) 1, 4, and 6 B) 2, 7, and 8 C) 7, 8, and 13 D) 11, 12, and 13 E) 12, 13, and 15 Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 91) Which of the following molecules is an amino acid with a hydrophobic R group or side chain? A) 3 B) 7 C) 8 D) 12 E) 13 Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 92) Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond as a result of a dehydration reaction? A) 2 and 3 B) 3 and 7 C) 7 and 8 D) 8 and 9 E) 12 and 13 Answer: C Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 93) A fat (or triacylglycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between A) one molecule of 9 and three molecules of 10. B) three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10. C) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 9. D) three molecules of 5 and one molecule of 9. E) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 10. Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 94) Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a phosphodiester type of covalent bond? A) 3 and 4 B) 3 and 8 C) 6 and 15 D) 11 and 12 E) 11 and 13 Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 95) Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA? A) 1 B) 4 C) 6 D) 12 E) 13 Answer: D Topic: Concept 5. 5 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 96) Which of the following molecules contains a glycosidic linkage type of covalent bond? A) 4 B) 6 C) 12 D) 13 E) 15 Answer: E Topic: Concept 5. 2 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 97) Which of the following molecules has a functional group that frequently forms covalent bonds that maintain the tertiary structure of a protein? A) 2 B) 3 C) 7 D) 8 E) 9 Answer: A Topic: Concept 5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 98) Which of the following molecules consists of a hydrophilic head region and a hydrophobic tail region? A) 2 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9 E) 11 Answer: B Topic: Concept 5. 3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 99) Which of the following statements is false? A) Molecules 1 and 4 could be joined together by a glycosidic linkage to form a disaccharide. B) Molecules 9 and 10 could be joined together by ester bonds to form a triacylglycerol. C) Molecules 2 and 7 could be joined together to form a short peptide. D) Molecules 2, 7, and 8 could be joined together to form a short peptide. E) Molecules 14 and 15 could be joined together to form a polypeptide. Answer: E Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension Scenario Questions Use the following information to answer the questions below. Approximately 32 different monomeric carbohydrate subunits are found in various natural polysaccharides. Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. DNA and RNA are each synthesized from four nucleotides. 100) Among these biological polymers, which has the least structural variety? A) polysaccharides B) proteins C) DNA D) RNA Answer: C Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 5 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation 101) Which class of biological polymer has the greatest functional variety? A) polysaccharides B) proteins C) DNA D) RNA Answer: B Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 5 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation 102) Professor Jamey Marth at the University of California, Santa Barbara, identified 70 molecules that are used to build cellular macromolecules and structures. These include at least 34 saccharides, 8 nucleosides, and 20 amino acids. In theory, then, which class of biological polymer has the greatest information-coding capacity? A) polysaccharides B) proteins C) DNA D) RNA Answer: A Topic: Concepts 5. 2-5. 5 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation End-of-Chapter Questions The following questions are from the end-of-chapter â€Å"Test Your Understanding† section in Chapter 5 of the textbook. 103) Which of the following categories includes all others in the list? A) monosaccharide B) disaccharide C) starch D) carbohydrate E) polysaccharide Answer: D Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 104) The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in the ? form. Which of the following could amylase break down? A) glycogen, starch, and amylopectin B) glycogen and cellulose C) cellulose and chitin D) starch and chitin E) starch, amylopectin, and cellulose Answer: A Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 105) Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true? A) They are more common in animals than in plants. B) They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. C) They generally solidify at room temperature. D) They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. E) They have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule. Answer: B Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 106) The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the A) primary level. B) secondary level. C) tertiary level. D) quaternary level. E) All structural levels are equally affected. Answer: A Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 107) Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes? A) The two strands of the double helix would separate. B) The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. Answer: B Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 108) The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions? A) C60H120O60 B) C6H12O6 C) C60H102O51 D) C60H100O50 E) C60H111O51 Answer: C Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Application/Analysis 109) Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA? A) 5-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-3 with 3-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-5 B) 5-AGCT-3 with 5-TCGA-3 C) 5-GCGC-3 with 5-TATA-3 D) 5-ATGC-3 with 5-GCAT-3 E) All of these pairs are correct. Answer: D Topic: End-of-Chapter Questions Skill: Application/Analysis If you need any writing assistance, please contact us! Ascendnaamba.org, best MBA essay writing service, provides all kinds of academic help.