Homeland Security Mod #3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homeland Security Mod #3 - Essay Example Homeland security department has presented comprehensive safety measures that are central in safeguard America from terrorist. The department has set seven procedural ways such as investigating the raise of any problem, setting the goals that are vital in meeting better security objective, the department also has strived in designing security guiding policies (Stojkovic etl and, 2007). The policies set are essential in action planning toward the county security, implementing and monitoring follows the action plan. After implementation and monitoring are fulfilled evaluating the outcome is analyzed for better future decision-making. Finally, reevaluating and reviewing of the whole procedure is done to enhance assessing effectiveness and efficiency of the new programs and policies. The new programs and policies have to a large extent enabled homeland security to thwart terrorist occurrences within the US. In 2010, National security approach homeland security made a coordination among the federal, states and local government with the aim of preventing, protecting US against ant threat (Stojkovic etl and, 2007). Finally, homeland security in 2011 domestic approach for counterterrorism has enabled this security agency to develop defensive effort in ensuring a homeland that is safe, secure and strong in overcoming

Learning approach Essay Example for Free

Learning approach Essay The essay examines the comparison of surface approach and deep approach used in university students. As a fact, many first year students, regardless of majors, adopt surface approaches to learning. However, universities encourage students to accept a deep approach to learn rather than surface approach. Therefore, many first year students face a challenge to use which approach to achieve high academic grades. The essay presents the two opposite arguments about the learning approaches, and then raises opinion that deep approach is a much feasible method. The surface approach to learning mentions students just recite study content rather than acknowledge the true meaning. Many first year students nowadays, regardless of their area of study, adopt surface approaches to learning. Actually, such surface learning approach is not quite effective. This is because such approach is stemmed from students’ previous learning knowledge, while the knowledge is not related with positive absorption. The knowledge is owned by students’ tutors rather than students themselves (Masters Donnison, 2010). Students treat the learning courses as routine  memorizing process or requirement. They tend to focus much more energy on the surface requirements like reciting words or sentences, pursuit surface meaning of the tasks or courses without their own deep thoughts. Such learning approach makes students seldom timely respond learning strategies, lack learning enthusiasm and driving forces (Entwistle Peterson, 2004). They will often feel pressure about study task, which will impact their confidence from a long run. Furthermore, due to these features, surface approach is usually thought as lack of understanding. Facts have proved that  surface approaches to learning are often related with poor academic performance over the first semester of study (Entwistle Peterson, 2004). However, some researchers think it is not correct to think surface approaches to learning are always inefficient or ineffective, for example, as to some courses such as foreign languages study, basic mathematics and etc. , the capability of memory is regarded as necessary, because it builds up the base for deeper learning in such courses (Masters Donnison, 2010). It is well known that advanced study contains learning process which makes  students become competent learner who fully understand the academic knowledge and restructure knowledge systems from his own perspective of view. Actually, this explanation reflects the essence of deep approach to learning. A deep approach to learning is defined as a complicated process of individual development which generates the fundamental change of learning habits and perspectives (Rawson, 2000). It is also required students to set up meaningful tasks objectives for engagement, put efforts on understanding deep context meanings and main principles, and utilize academic knowledge  into actual practice. Some researchers argue that the deep approach to learning is a kind of innovations in university course, but however it has none business with first year students (Masters Donnison, 2010). The reason is that first year students have limited experiences in campus living and the priority thing for them is get quick familiar with the new surroundings. And what is more, they think it is difficult for first year students to go beyond basic understanding of the learning courses as most of them just start live and study independently (Entwistle Peterson, 2004). Students in first year fail to present the all characteristics related to deep learning such as dedication in specific tasks continuously and persistently (Entwistle Peterson, 2004). But the essay holds on the opinion that deep learning approach is not necessarily impracticable for first year students. The reason is because some first year students have used the deep approach to learning when they are studying in high school. Good learning habits or method is not directly limited by students existing experience and incapacity to merge various kinds of  basic knowledge (Donnison Penn-Edwards,2012). Besides the above argument, for first year students, it is important to use strategic approach and put efforts into organized study since study is a process with a specific learning intention to fulfill all kind of assessment (Burton, Taylor, Dowling, Lawrence, 2009). The said organized study contains effective time management and learning behaviors management which mean students need to learn to monitor the effectiveness of their study outcomes. From this point of view, therefore, a deep learning is preferable. At the first year stage, it is suggested that there is a need for students to change students learning habits from surface approaches to deep learning since one of the ultimate objectives of undergraduate education is to establish and develop students’ correct lifelong learning habits and thinking skills, which can benefit their whole life (Burton, Taylor, Dowling, Lawrence, 2009). The learning approaches are much more important and meaningful than academic grades. Many educators argue that the first year in university should be assigned to build up a mature  methodology which could consistently help students take advanced learning, and assist them to change learning behaviors to become adaptive with higher education (Entwistle Peterson, 2004). Additionally, deep approach to learning can make many students achieve good academic assessment from a long run. Students engage in learning just because of academic assessment demands, therefore using the appropriate assessment would seem much meaningful. Nowadays, university begins to take the comprehensive assessment system to evaluate students’ achievement rather than just use course scores before. Such changes of assessment practice will also push students to move from initial surface learner to deep learner. Students are encouraged to focus on soft aspects instead of hard scores. It is argued that it is necessary for first year students to make their learning processes transparent. And what is more, it is important to come into being the understanding (Burton, Taylor, Dowling, Lawrence, 2009). In conclusion, some researchers have different arguments or indication for first year students to use a surface approach or a deep approach to learning. Researchers argue that some surface approaches of learning is important for first year students because the skills of memorization can be used to deepen and develop understanding which students can accept and come into being an learning approach (Entwistle Peterson, 2004). They think the deep learning is impracticable and unexpected to first year students. While other opinions think the deep approaches of learning is much more important than surface one because learning attitude and methodology can build up solid base for student lifelong study. There is a place in higher education for a deep  approach to learning. The academic scores should not be put into first place for first year students (Burton, Taylor, Dowling, Lawrence, 2009). Certainly, a complete education is aimed to keep balance between knowledge memorization and utilization. The essay proposes that deep approach of learning rather than surface learning should be regarded as an important and necessary method in university study, particularly first year study. Therefore, how to transit from surface approach to deep approach in order to go through the courses smoothly and achieve study objectives is the most critical topic  for most of first year students. References list: Burton, L. , Taylor, J. , Dowling, D. , Lawrence, J. (2009). Learning approaches, personality and concepts of knowledge of first-year students: Mature-age versus school leavers. Studies in Learning, Evaluation, Innovation and Development, 6(1), 65-81. Donnison, S. Penn-Edwards, S. (2012). Focusing on first year assessment: Surface or deep approaches to learning? The International Journal of the First Year in Higher Education, 3(2),9-20 Entwistle, N. , Peterson, E. (2004). Conceptions of learning and knowledge in  higher education: Relationships with study behaviour and influences of learning environments. International Journal of Educational Research, 41, 407-428. Masters, J. , Donnison, S. (2010). First year transition in teacher education: The pod experience. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 35(2), 87-98. Penn-Edwards, S. , Donnison, S. (2011). Engaging with higher education academic support: A first year student teacher transition model. European Journal of Education, 46(4), 566-580. Rawson, M. (2000). Learning to learn: More than a skill set. Studies in Higher Education, 25(2), 225-238.

English Coursework: Frankenstein doesn’t have any heroes or villains, E

English Coursework: Frankenstein doesn’t have any heroes or villains, only victims. Do you agree with this statement? Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, started being written in 1814 and was finally completed in the summer of 1816, at a time when gothic genre was extremely popular. It was then released in 1818, but Shelley decided to release it anonymously. It is a gothic horror novel that concentrates on isolation and ambition. The idea for the novel was supposedly first invented when Shelley was at a friend’s house when a competition was created as to whom could create the best â€Å"tale of terror† story. It is about a man, Victor Frankenstein, who tries to â€Å"play god† and creates a living â€Å"creature† that is then ostracised and consequently commits a series of murders throughout the novel. The characters involved can be viewed as heroes, or as villains, depending on the different perspectives of the reader. Frankenstein’s creation of the creature can be viewed as heroic, as he is seen to push the boundaries of science further than ever before: â€Å"A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their beings to me.† Frankenstein also sacrificed the safety of those he loved to prevent the risk of the creatures killing others when he destroyed the female creature, which angered the male creature. He was also very ambitious in the way that he chased the creature to the North Pole to put a stop to his reckless behaviour, where he met the explorer Walton, who is a hero as far as leadership and ambition are concerned, by trying to travel as far North as possible. Walton’s ambitious attitude is made clear when he says â€Å"My life might have been passed in ease and luxury, ... ...rought on himself. The novel shows the shallowness of people in society by showing what the monster had to endure because of his appearance, as well as the moral irresponsibility of Frankenstein as a scientist. Frankenstein was always the villain deep down as he attempted to play God, which I don’t think should be attempted by any human being. He was obsessed with the fact that he could create life, but never once to considered if it was the right thing to do. I think Shelley is basing the whole novel on, not what Frankenstein actually did, but what he fails to do. The way the creature is portrayed in 3rd person narrative allows us to see the creature as a hero, villain and a victim. I believe that the creature viewed Frankenstein as a father figure and was mentally tortured when his own creator neglected him. He had nothing to live for, except revenge.

Gender Roles Exploited with Humor Essay

The use of gender roles and stereotypes in commercials has slowly become more of an issue as men and women’s true societal roles have undoubtedly changed over time. The push for women’s equality over the past 50 years has been progressing each and every year, and rightly so. As women have become more self-sufficient in their everyday lives, their dependency from males and gender stereotypes have been changing drastically. These social changes have also sparked the progression of gender roles in advertisement and how men and women are presented to the public through television. Recently, many commercials have made drastic efforts in order to present more equal gender roles by trying to eliminate some of the stereotypes that have been part of our society for years. However, despite many of the progressions that have been made, commercials tend to revert back to some of the old stereotypes and perceived gender roles in order to create humor. One type of humor that has been prevalent in many recent commercials is the exploitation of gender stereotypes in an attempt to make a mockery of certain socially acceptable gender roles and actions, while at the same time displaying some of the characteristics that are not accepted by society. The humor in these types of commercials comes through the comparison of the same actions performed by both men and women, but one of the genders looks ridiculous performing these actions, despite the fact that they are the same. This type of marketing technique tends to cause a disproportion of equality between the two genders, because it is displaying how the actions of one gender are accepted by society, while similar actions by the other gender just appear to be unreasonable. In order to create a comedic effect in their commercials, many companies have started to disregard the progression for equality in gender roles and have started to display some of the same old gender stereotypes that w e, as a society, have tried to separate from. Through my exploration of Snickers and Heineken commercials, I was able to outline a very particular style of comedy that affected both genders in negative ways. Two very well known brands, Heineken and Snickers, have started to show men displaying some of the female stereotypes we have seen in other commercials. Now, some might say that this is a good thing because it is trying to blur the line between the two stereotypes and show that men can experience some of the same things that women do. However, I see this as quite the opposite. It seems that use of men displaying female stereotypes is, in a sense, making fun of the women. While the brands have achieved their ultimate goal of providing a humorous commercial, this humor comes at the expense of us laughing at how ridiculous the men appear when they are acting out some of the women stereotypes. To get a better understanding of how the commercials are creating this style of satire, lets take a closer look at some examples from Heineken. In a Heineken commercial from 2009, the scene starts out inside a home, and the women of the house leads a group of her five girl friends through the living room, the kitchen, her bedroom, and eventually they arrive outside of a closet. The woman proceeds to proudly open up the closet doors, unveiling shelves full of shoes and clothes, with a table in the middle full of shimmering jewelry. All of the woman’s friends go absolutely crazy and begin jumping up and down while simultaneously releasing screams of excitement. As the excitement begins to die down, they hear faint cries of excitement coming from across the house. The scene then immediately switches over to the men’s closet, a walk-in freezer, full of Heineken beer. All of the men appear to be imitating the women’s excitement that was displayed moments earlier, with slight exaggeration, as one of the men begins to shed a tear. The two stereotypes displayed in this commercial were pretty clear. It shows men getting overly excited about a room full of beer, while women are getting excited over a room full of shoes and jewelry. These stereotypes are not what make the commercial offensive to any one of the particular genders though. When the audience sees men getting excited over beer as much as women get excited over shoes it tends to expose the ridiculousness in the actions of women because people are thinking â€Å"wow†¦imagine if men got as excited over beer as women got over shoes†¦that would be stupid†. This train of thought is what starts to draw the lines between men and women and how one gender’s actions can be accepted by society, but similar actions from the other cannot. It suggests that men should remain calm, cool, and collective at all times unless they want it to be viewed as a joke. On the reverse side, it suggests to women that their actions are only acceptable because they’re girls, and that if men were to do the same thing, it would appear ridiculous. The next commercial I looked at was a Snickers Super Bowl commercial from 2010. The commercial shows three men working at a construction site, all of the sudden one of the men transforms from a man in work boots and a hardhat, into a women with nice clothes and heels, while still standing in the middle of the construction site. After this transformation the â€Å"woman† begins to complain about the work and how hot it is outside. The two men look at the women with a disgusted look on their face and advise her to â€Å"eat a Snickers†¦you turn into a diva when you’re hungry†. The woman gets tossed a Snickers bar from one of the men, takes a bite, and suddenly transforms back into his original character as a construction worker. This commercial displays one of the very old and outdated stereotypes of women not being able to perform laborious tasks. When the man turns into a woman, he begins to start complaining about the hard work and the hot weather. This commercial again exposes how unacceptable it would be if a man were to act like a woman on the job. In contrast, it also tries to show how out of place a woman would look on a construction site by placing a nicely dressed woman in the middle of the dirt filled construction area. It attempts to show how men are expected to be tough and free of complaints, unless they want to be ridiculed by their co-workers with words such as â€Å"diva†. The commercial implies that as soon as men start to complain about work or being tired, they are immediately labeled as having female characteristics due to our current stereotypical views on gender roles and actions. Through these commercials I have discussed above, it is clear that some of the new tactics for adding humor to commercials has become a sort of mockery of the stereotypes between men and women. Heineken and Snickers have both tried to show scenarios in which we see men behaving like women in an attempt to show how ridiculous it would be if males were to exhibit some of the same social stereotypes we associate with women. By doing this, the two commercials begin to draw a line between the actions and characteristics that are acceptable for women, but not for men. These marketing schemes are detrimental because they provide a clear example of how society can accept the actions of one gender, but when the other gender performs some of the same actions it becomes humorous satire. I think that a comedic commercial without gender stereotypes would appear much more sophisticated and would be better received by the public. I hope that advertising agencies will begin to realize this and that future commercials will appear both humorous and professional.

Electronic security Essay

Electronic security is defined as any tool or technique that is used purposely to protect system’s information assets. E-security is very valuable element in e-commerce since it adds value to the computer network as it composed of both soft and hard infrastructure E-security has been a matter of debate and it has been scientifically argued to be of great importance to economic development as it aid efficient trade and commerce. E-security has enhanced safe transaction and this has enable customers needs to be taken care off. Through e-security market place has expand since on line is very vital in that it enable many customers to be access to safe markets.   Computer security systems enhance effectiveness, efficient, satisfaction of customers. E-security systems also aids proper decision making concerning security susceptible situations through user interface design (Marco, 2003) E-security has been considered to a fundamental aspect in ensuring that technology benefits an organization in bringing both social and economic development. Development of on line environment has the impact of creating trust amongst its users and this has been taken by many organizations as a priority in order to gain competitive advantage. (Marco, 2003)   Goals of the study of an academic study Security has been subjected to various studies because of the fact that it aids in organization operations. It has been viewed by government entities as an idea of great demand that should be given priorities. The academic study by the Carnegie Mellon University was conducted to ascertain the level of security that can be derived from use of e-security in any given transaction (Marco, 2003) Goals of the private organization study On the other hand, a private organization study was conducted with almost similar goals to the former i.e.   The aim of ascertaining that there is protection of attributes of information security. These attributes include confidentiality, availability and integrity (Marco, 2003). It was also conducted with the objective of factors that can lead to failure of e-security in organizations either through poor planning and design or   overall complexity of electronic security architecture that are concern with sustaining the above attributes. It is vital to comprehend that proper security process encapsulates and consolidates the various processes in an organization such as detection, prevention and recovery of information and other relevant data. .Reasons for conducting the study The academic study was conducted with the aim of ascertaining the methodological approach that can be adopted by organizations and other business institution when assessing the level of competency that it poses in implementation of e-commerce in presence of e-security. To analyze how organization can be effectively and efficiently formulate electronic security and electronic commerce strategies to enhance proper functioning of the organizations To enable the organization to understand the factors that contributes to wide spread of e-security and electronic commerce in the global economy. The study was conducted to articulate major variables that bring about extensive use of the e-security by the business organizations. To compare electronic security, electronic procurement, electronic commerce, payments systems and electronic portals. This is to ascertain the influence that these aspects have brought in terms of global growth in economy. To comprehend and articulate the strategic implications of electronic security on private, public and civil organizations have been able to reduce risk associated cost and how market transactions have been carried out efficiently. It was done to draw inference on the impact of technology and faster flow of information on business transactions. To assess the available options in which e-security can be adopted as a tool for achieving organization goals through proper management strategies To monitor and evaluate e-commerce’s impact upon current global business   Transactions, technologies and public policy as related to electronic commerce strategy and new technical innovations. Type of data collected The data was collected during the academic study on e-security by the University was surveys from businesses and households on the importance and use of electronic security and ICT in general. The information collected was mainly pertaining trust on IT security. Specific question were being asked concerning the way different households perceived the importance and barriers to Internet commerce. The data collected depends entirely on the traditional strengths of the already collected data which was being used as secondary form of information.   The data collected concerns trust and security of technology services which been employed currently by many organizations. The report that came out of the study was an official data and semi-official data. Both types of data feature the trust that electronic security should be vested with. The official data carries the proposed questions that should be put into consideration before implementing any type of electronic security .How was data collected The data was collected in controlled experiment set up where students who used to attend introductory level business class were the main subjects.   The University employed e-learning package when conducting the study due to the fact that Internet was available. They were randomly assigned certain conditions that were required to follow. Before the actual experiment been conducted students were asked to fill the questionnaire that carries information concerning the demographic profile and other paramount features.   The questionnaires were well validated in order to give correct measures of performance avoidance and any kind of reluctance that the students portrayed (Marco, 2003) Research Questions OF ACADEMIC STUDY The following are common questions that were asked when conducting both studies and they cover important aspects of electronic security and to manage upon its implementation in the organization. These includes policy frameworks, principles, integration with management procedures and more so the significances to total quality management in an organizations. The questions which were asked during private organization study include; What are the some of the principles that influences the transition of electronic security? In what can enterprise security framework enhance the effective administration of electronic security in an organization? In what way can electronic security management be significant aspect to total quality management and enterprise strategic management model? Research questions of the private organization study On the other hand questions which were asked during academic study on electronic security included; In your opinion, what are the significant differences between different ways of electronic payment? What are some of the organization where electronic security has been used extensively? What are safety services been offered electronic security? Instruments used when collecting the data   When conducting the study, the University used very powerful machines such as computers (Intel Pentium 4). The decision made on the use of these computers when collecting data was based on the physical accessibility barriers of the computers and their memory that could make the work of the student very easy. They collected packet traces for each of the experiment and these traces carried data that allowed the group to analyze control packets (AlAboodi, 2003). Results of the study After conducting the study, what came out clearly was the fact that e-security and other web service technologies have had a far-reaching influence on business operations in organizations. Web services and electronic securities have enable organizations to carry out the transactions without the human intervention. It has enable data and applications to flow in without being monitored by the human being. It was also noted that electronic services can be put in place in wide variety of architectures hence can co-exist with other technologies. These services can be adopted in an evolutionary manner in absence of main transformations to legacy applications. Furthermore, it was realized that challenges posed by security cannot be avoided. From the study it was discovered that there exist difficult issues that an organization should put into consideration before implementing any electronic security. These include; Lack of confidentially and integrity of data that depend upon electronic security for its transmission. Service to service transactions are not being trusted by many business organizations due to lack of confidentiality. Availability in the face of denial of service attacks that exploit vulnerabilities unique to Web service technologies, especially targeting core services, such as discovery service, on which other services rely. Functional integrity of electronic security has been subject of debate in many organizations due to the fact that it is not been trusted by many organizations (AlAboodi, 2003). Results study of private organization study The end results of private organization study conducted on electronic security was that improved security is very important to organizations since it adds value to the organization. These are achieved by use of electronic security to enhance good interaction with the potential traders across the globe. Through use of electronic security organizations have been able to gain competitive advantage over their competitors because they are able to maintain closer customer relationship. From the study conducted, it can be concluded that proper employment of electronic securities enable companies to improve their reputation which in turn helps to maintain and retain customers (AlAboodi, 2003) The results obtained from the studies conducted have a very practical value in the sense if a company put in place a well functioning electronic system; it is a position to make a lot of sales. These is as a result of good maintenance of potential customers by the virtue that safe transaction are been carried out between the customers and the organization. If information security and electronic security is well managed, it results less costs of operations been incurred. In addition, electronic security is the basis for healthy foundation for implementation of good business structures and other vital frameworks which are factors that fosters economic growth been experienced in the organization These include Total Quality Management(TQM) and Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) (AlAboodi , 2003)

Zoology Research Paper Writing Recommendations for College Students

Zoology Research Paper Writing Recommendations for College Students A Zoology research paper is a form of written communication in which the author succinctly presents and interprets information gathered during the process of investigation. Writing a research paper in Zoology is similar to the writing papers in many other scientific disciplines except that the format of the project and the grading criteria will differ. Make sure to use the following zoology research paper guide as well as refer to the writing recommendations provided by the course tutor. Pre-Writing Stage Before you write your Zoology research paper, build a solid outline that will logically present the info that supports each of your conclusions. Make sure to organize the data into tables and figures to ensure all the evidence is provided in a logical order. Some researchers prefer to create a draft by simply putting down all of their ideas with a little regard to the sentence structure and to fix them later. Others tend to revise their content as they proceed. Paper Format The format of the Zoology research paper is usually based on the scientific method and is organized to provide the reader with an opportunity to comprehend the key points of the research. The traditional format required in all Zoology classes consists of the Title, the Abstract, the Into, the Methods, the Results, the Discussion, and the Literature Cited segments. The heading of every section (the introduction, the abstract, the results and so on) should be capitalized, centered and placed with the body of every section immediately following. Title Place the title of your project along with your name at the top of the first page. If any of other classmates took part in the research process, you should also list their names. The latter should be included below your name. Plus, scientific titles should also reflect your results. If there are no results found during the research, ensure that your title clearly demonstrates that. For instance: ‘Unexpected Diversity within the Javan Slow Loris Trade: Implications for Slow Loris Taxonomy By: John Smith Michael Boners, Blair Williams and Tora Jones’ Here, the title of the Zoology research paper clearly states three things: the specific organism being measured (Javan Slow Loris); the response of the organism (Taxonomy) and the current situation that was observed (implications). Abstract The abstract is a brief summary of the research. The segment should be one paragraph long and include no more than 250 words. Abstracts are usually comprised of a sentence of background, short and clear statements of the hypothesis, some precisions, the two sentences that describe the methods and the results of the research. The final sentence goes about the conclusions of your research. In case of the Zoology research paper with the ‘Behavioral Responses of Whales and Dolphins to the Dead Conspecifics’ title, the Abstract would look pretty much like the following: ‘The scientific study of death within the taxa-comparative thanatology is dedicated to the psychological, behavioral and physiological responses to the dead conspecifics, as well as a range of processes that stand behind these responses. Some of the species that inhabit the cetaceans are known to take care of, be aroused by, attend to or be interested in the dying or dead creatures. We’ve studied the patterns and variation in cetacean responses to the dead conspecifics all over the clade. We’ve examined 85 records reported between 1980 and 2018, including 20 of 88 extant cetacean creatures. We have taken a properly weighted comparative approach in order to monitor the chosen cetacean species and found that toothed cetaceans (odontocetes) were much more likely than baleen whales (mysticetes) to attend to the dead or dying individuals. According to the research results, dolphins (93% of all records) had the greatest occurrence of the so-called attentive behavior in contrast to the average of all other cetacean clades.’ Choose Your Zoology Research Paper Topic: Tips from Our Experts The diversity of the topics makes Zoology the kind of science where every high school, college and university student can find something relevant to his/her studies and related to his/her interests. In the list given below you will be able to find the most suitable topic and generate original work based on one: The Industrial Pollution: Zoological Implications on Species Development in N Region. Whether you prefer Gloucestershire, Nevada, Rio de Janeiro or Edinburg – ensure to pick the region and talk about the zoological implications on species development there. Psychological Effects of Animals Taken from Natural Habitat. What are they? How to help the natural habitats to get accustomed to the completely new environment? The American Buffalo: The Impact of Western Historical Expansion. If you think you can easily handle the History paper, go on and blend it with the Zoology aspects! Understanding Animal Behavior among Predators. No matter how cruel the issue may seem to you, the topic will be interesting for your college mates. Evolution of Turtle. These magnificent creatures come in many different sizes and face the threat of extinction. Contact the passionate researchers, who work with the sea turtles and definitely have something to say about the long path these animals have come. Brain Size and Species Intelligence. Do you think there is a certain connection between these parameters? If yes (or no), tell your target readers what you (or the scientists) have to say. Herbivorous vs. Carnivorous Animals. How can we recognize them? Vegetarians. Should People Stop Eating Meat for the Sake of Animals? Do you think you can survive without your favorite bacon pizza? Provide a detailed research paper, if you do. Reasons Why Nowadays Many Areas of Animal Life Are Preserved in Museums. Sad but true. Many magnificent animals of the past can be seen only in museums at the moment. Use your research to give the reason why. Are Dogs Really Our Best Friends? If you happen to be a cat person, you definitely have something to say. Hunting: Yay or Nay? The reality is that this barbarian habit is still allowed all over the globe. The question is about the animals that are not killed for food, but for fun only. Parasites and Disease: Reveal the Connections. Without a doubt, this topic isn’t quite appetite provoking, but you’ll have many interesting discoveries while conducting your research. Introduction The introduction section concisely describes the key purpose of your research, as well as informs your readers on why you’ve actually done this work. Your task here is to briefly review the past research on the issue with enough background info needed to orient your audience (you accomplish this by a literature search of primary, peer-reviewed materials). Keep in mind that the background info provided must be properly referenced (check the how to cite references section). Check out the following right and wrong Zoology research paper introductions to ensure you got the idea: The right way to compose an introduction: ‘Over 3 000 years ago a strange looking but very useful animals were domesticated by people of Arabia. It was the Arabian camel – a huge beast having long legs and one hump on its back. The ungainly animal could cross hot desserts without drinking much water and, what was especially useful, it could carry heavy loads without getting tired for a long time. The Bactrian camel that has two humps and lives in the central Asia was also domesticated long time ago. The animal turned out to be sturdier than the Arabian one and could easily carry heavier loads.’ The wrong way to create the introduction: ‘Many years ago people decided to domesticate camels. They were huge and had humps that enabled them to cross deserts and didn’t need much water.’ From this broad introductive part, you’re required to focus down to the specific research topic on the chosen topic: ‘According to the most recent researches, the substantial shared genetic variation was found in modern camels except for a single genetically distinct animal that has been isolated on the territory of Eastern Africa. The researchers found that domesticated camels’ populations originated from the wild populations – extinct at the present moment – on the Southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula that tallies with previously performed archaeological researches.’ The Body The body of a Zoology research paper includes the development of the argument provided together with the essential information needed to sustain a reasonable conclusion. Ensure to divide the body of your project into the separate sections. It’s up to you to decide how many of those you think it’s appropriate to provide. Think about what these paper segments should be and start each with a clear indication if its purpose. The proper use of headings will provide your text with helpful signposts to the target audience. Ensure you’re consistent in the use of the headings. Provide examples to support the points you’re trying to make as well as include your own comments to let the readers know why this or that point is important. Quotations are a must for a Zoology research paper, but an academic project that looks like a list of quotations won’t help you to get the desired grades. The key is to be highly selective when it comes to the quoted materials and carefully choose the issues you think you should provide in your assignment. Make sure you don’t just jump around the issues raised by your research question. If you find yourself doing this, ensure to take the other look at your plan to find out whether there’s an adjustment to it that you can make to avoid this. The key aspect you have to keep in mind lies in the fact that all statements must be backed up by authority or evidence. That’s an absolute must when it comes to the Zoology research paper writing. Finally, you need to make certain the information of the body section reflects exactly what you have pointed out in the introduction. If you see that it doesn’t, it’s time to revise one of the other†¦or both if needed. The Conclusion Now it’s time to draw the threads of your argument together. Remember that in a conclusive section you’re not supposed to repeat the arguments provided before or re-state the introduction. The final part of your Zoology research paper should be focused on the question that you’ve specified and inform the readers on how you have answered the question. Avoid any new argument in the conclusive part of the paper. The good example of the conclusion for the Zoology research paper on ‘Parasite Load Disease in Wild Animals’: In addition to the increased mortality from the causes that are possibly more painful, parasites tend to decrease the quality of life of their hosts, from minor malnutrition to serious tissue damage. A range of metrics (especially the experimental manipulations of parasite levels) suggest that animals are better off not having been parasitized. Moreover, they appear to be ubiquitous – the majority of wild animals have those all the time. Due to this, while there’s still much to learn about the parasitism, the impact and scale of it suggests that in wild life parasitism is one of the most significant causes of suffer. Easing the animals suffering from parasitism seems probably controllable as a cause area in its own right and should be taken into consideration when investigating the other measure to ease wild-animal suffering. A Few Last Zoology Research Paper Tips to Avoid Common Errors When you use Latin Names (you’re going to deal with a lot of those when working on any Zoology project), it’s highly important to pay due attention to the formatting of those when using Latin: Ecology issues: Species and genus of every organism should be always underlined or provided in italics. Species is not capitalized while genus is always capitalized. For instance: Pomacea canaliculata. Molecular issues: The formatting specifications for genes and their products tend to vary from species to species. Make sure to use the correct formatting for the species of interest throughout the project. It is recommended to also consult websites that are devoted to specific species and provide the formatting information, such as The National Center for Biotechnology Information.

Mitosis vs. Meiosis essays

Mitosis vs. Meiosis essays Cell division plays a very important role in the life cycle of a cell. Without cell division all living organisms would fail to reproduce, eventually dying out. Cell division involves two major steps: nuclear division and cytokinesis. Nuclear division is broken into two different types: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis and meiosis are similar processes in that they both result in the separation of existing cells into new ones. They differ, however, in their specific processes as well as in their products. The reason for these differences lies in the difference in the class of cells that each process creates. Mitosis is the process in which a parent cell splits into two daughter cells that are exactly alike. While meiosis, known as reduction division, produces daughter cells with half the information contained in the parent cell. Mitosis can occur in either haploid or diploid cells, whereas meiosis occurs only in cells with the diploid or polypoid number of chromosomes. Another difference between the two is that during meiosis each diploid nucleus divides twice, producing a total of four nuclei, while in mitosis each nucleus divides only once producing only two nuclei. In meiosis, sex cells (gametes) are produced, while during mitosis body (somatic) cells are produced. This further shows that during mitosis daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell, while in meiosis daughter cells have one-half of the genes from the parent cell giving each cell diversity. Mitosis is required for the growth and development of organisms and for the replacement of existing cells, while in meiosis cells are mainly used for sexual reproduction. In the first step of Mitosis, Prophase, condensation of chromosomes and the disassembly of the nuclear envelope occurs. The first step in Meiosis I is known as Prophase I, because of there being two stages in Meiosis. Crossing over and synapsis occur in this phase. Synapsis is the process where homo...

Requesting a Reference Letter Years After Graduating

Requesting a Reference Letter Years After Graduating Its a common question. In fact, my students ask about this even before they graduate. In the words of one reader: Ive been out of school for two years now but am now applying to grad school. I have been teaching English abroad for the past two years so I dont have the opportunity to meet with any of my former professors in person and to be honest I never really cultivated a deep relationship with any of them. I want to send an email to my former academic major adviser to see if she can write a letter for me. I knew her through all of college and took two classes with her including a very small seminar class. I think of all my professors she knows me the best. How should I approach the situation? The faculty is used to being approached by former students who request letters. Its not unusual, so dont fear. The way in which you make contact is important. Your goal is to reintroduce yourself, remind the faculty member of your work as a student, fill her in on your current work, and request a letter. Personally, I find an email to be best because it permits the professor to stop and look up your records - grades, transcript, and so on before replying. What should your email say? Keep it short. For example, consider the following email: Dear Dr. Advisor,My name is X. I graduated from MyOld University two years ago. I was a Psychology major and you were my advisor. In addition, I was in your Applied Basketball class in Fall 2000, and Applied Basketball II in Spring 2002. Since graduating I have been teaching English in X country. I am planning on returning to the US soon and am applying for graduate study in Psychology, specifically, PhD programs in Subspecialty. Im writing to ask if you would consider writing a letter of recommendation on my behalf. I am not in the US so cannot visit you in person, but perhaps we could schedule a phone call to catch up and so I can seek your guidance.Sincerely,Student Offer to send copies of old papers, if you have them. When you confer with the professor, ask whether the professor feels that she can write a helpful letter on your behalf. It may feel awkward on your part but rest assured that this is not an unusual situation. Good luck!

Financial Management assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Management assignment 1 - Essay Example Long-term lenders will also be interested on the long-term profitability of the organization. Stockholders will be interested on shareholder ratios like return on equity, earnings per share, and dividend yield. These ratios became the sole measure of the profitability of the stock. Stockholders also look at the company's leverage through its debt to assets and debt to equity ratios. Companies which are highly dependent on debt faces higher risks. Question 5. a. Monthly Schedule of Cash Receipts Cash Receipts for April From Sales (10%) $7,500 Collection March (60%) $42,000 February (30%) $18,000 Total $67,500 Cash Receipts for May From Sales (10%) $9,500 Collection April (60%) $45,000 March (30%) $21,000 Total $75,500 Cash Receipts for June From Sales (10%) $11,000 Collection May (60%) $57,000 April (30%) $22,500 Total $90,500 b. Accounts Receivables at end of June May (30%) $28,500 June (60%) $66,000 Total $94,500 Question 6. A Company (LIFO) Value of Cost of Goods Sold 100 units @ $12 each $1,200 200 units @ $11.50 each $2,300 100 units at $10.50 each $1,050 Total $4,550 Value of Ending Inventory 100 units @ $10 each $1000 100 units @ $10.50 each $1050 Total $2050 Z Company (FIFO) Value of Cost of Goods Sold 100 units @ $10 each $1000 200 units @ $10.50 each $2100 100 units @ $11.50 each $1150 Total $4250 Value of Ending Inventory 100 units @ $11.50 each $1150 100 units @ $12 each $1200 Total $2350 Question 7. Tall Tree Percentage of Sales Table $300,000 Sales Assets Liabilities Cash 5% Accounts Payable (90) 30% Accounts Receivable 30% Notes Payable (30) 10% Inventory 20% Accrued Expenses (7.5) 2.5% Currents Assets 55% Current Liabilities 42.5% Equipments 25% Common Stock (127.5) 42.5% Total

Pros of Gay Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pros of Gay Marriage - Essay Example Being gay should not be a basis of discrimination, stigmatization or even denial of human rights of a person. Character of a person determines who he or she is and not his or her sexual orientation. Different arguments have been put forth by opponents of gay or same sex marriages in different parts of the world. Religion is the most used argument by opponents of gay marriages. According to beliefs ascribed by different religions, gay marriage amounts to immorality and sin to the deity. In this light, homosexuality is sin and morally wrong hence requires to be illegalized (Chauncey). Another argument put forward by opponents of gay marriages is that, marriage is supposed to lead to procreation so as to ensure continuity of life and family, however if same sex marriages were to be legalized, this would lead to a decrease in the number of children being born in the world. Traditionally, marriage has been defined as the union between a man and a woman. Inclusion or legalization of gay ma rriages would require a re-definition of marriage to include same sex marriages. The same would also be expected or included in the school curriculum forcing teachers to teach homosexuality in schools. This may lead to confusion concerning gender identity especially in young people (Sprigg). However, when viewed from other perspectives, gay marriage appears to be a natural part of human evolution.

Summaries Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summaries - Article Example While Narrator requested at-least five people about the correct time, they all gave varied replies, even the official clock did not reveal the correct time. Over the period, the professor could connect such understanding of time with varied cultures and lifestyles of different places, as people had diverse notions about punctuality and meaning of time.(Levine) The author has referred to the problem of addiction by children for watching excess TV. Drexler cites the research done by Aderson towards the reaction of parents facing such situation. The author refers to the research saying that it has refuted the conventional thinking that children watching TV will have reduced classroom and academic performance, while impairing their reading and thinking as well as analyzing ability. Instead, according to the author and cited research finding, children have increased critical thinking ability as they watch TV. Author further suggests that reading habits of children are related to their family history and parents can help them learn new innovative things, as they watch TV. Levine Robert â€Å"Time Talks with an Accent†, goggle books, nd, web, 12 March 2015:

Analytical summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Analytical summary - Essay Example Just like me, most of them also lack many friends. Adolescence is a difficult stage in human growth thus requiring caution. The quagmire stage presents several identity challenges thus commands close supervision and interactions with adults. Most teenagers experiment with sex a feature that presents myriad risks, as most of such sexual activities are unprotected. Besides the sex, the youngsters experiment with drugs among other contrabands. The fun and agility they attribute to such behaviors entice others into finding such admirable thus recruiting more. The stage just as stated earlier requires close parenting to help determine the close friends of a child since it is in such groups that they access the drugs among other hard substances such as alcohol. However, parenting is equally challenging since each style presents several challenges and may not often be effective. Instead of employing stringent policies at home, parents should engage their children. Through the dialogues and free discussions, children become free with their parents. Parents should permit their children to try some of the activities they caution thus making the children understand their effects and the need to avoid such (Seshadri

THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON LABOUR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON LABOUR - Essay Example Then it has collected some data of international trade volume and unemployment rate of a developing and a developed nation to find out whether any strong relationship does exist between the two variables. On the basis of its research, the study has come to the conclusion that trade does not significantly affect labor market in real world. Introduction: According to the Economic theory, we know that there are gains from trade. But these gains are reflected as net gains. Despite there been a secular increase in both exports and imports and has been regarded as a percentage of Gross National Product which is considered to be beneficial for the economy and also though the increased exports have generated additional employment opportunities, but still these changes have been accompanied by reduced employment opportunities and adjustment burdens for workers in import-competing industries. The workers had to adapt themselves to the new working environment of changing demand conditions in th e import competing industries which involve extended periods of job research, restraining and relocation which demands to be a bit costly venture. As per the analysis, women and the minorities, the less educated and the lower paid groups, as compared to men, had to take more burdens on themselves and they were not in a position to afford the cost even. Since the last two decades, quite a number of developing countries have undergone liberalization of their trade regimes. The proponents of such liberalization have argued that one of the chief beneficiaries of greater openness to trade is the workers in these countries. Basically, trade liberalization with abundant supply of labor has encouraged producers to reallocate output towards labor intensive goods. Hence the resulting increase in the demand for labor, given the labor market conditions, has translated into some condition of an increase in employment and wages. The logic behind this argument has been totally justified and compel ling and has been supported by the proponents of early liberalization as the Newly Industrialized Economies of East Asia like Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. According to Robbins in the year 1996, and Wood in 1997, recent episodes of trade liberalization have appeared not to have been associated with large improvements in prospects for the typical worker. The apparent divergence between the expectations of liberalization advocates and the recent evidence has been explained by various factors. For example, the liberalization in trade has lead to an inflow of new technologies from abroad. But in this case, the growing evidence suggests that the new technologies are increasingly skill biased and therefore according to the recent episodes of trade liberalization that may lead to an increased demand for workers but that will comprised of less number of workers who are highly skilled, as per Wood in 1997. ( Wood, 1997) On the other way, the available evidence may be incomplete in some important ways. As for example, it has been highly observed that the short run effects of liberalization are likely to be adverse for aggregate labor, even among the proponents of trade liberalization. It takes a lot of time for resources to get reallocated in new firms and industries and it is also possible that the available time series is not enough to capture the effects of trade fully. In a similar way, the number of countries that have been taken into observation may not be the most appropriate ones.

Engineering Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engineering Ethics - Essay Example The NSPE codes of ethics relevant to this case include (NSPE, 2007): 1. â€Å"Engineers shall disclose to their employers or clients potential conflicts of interest or any other circumstances that could influence or appear to influence their professional judgment or the quality of their service.† From the facts presented in this case, I have an obligation to my employers or clients (NSPE, 2007). After conducting research with this local company, I got appealing results, which does not necessarily mean that the results would be in tandem with their expectations. Since I am not sure that the company’s product, urethane, is closest to matching the human muscle response, I should search for more evidence. Otherwise, blindly accepting their concept as true will be acting in violation of the NSPE codes, which states that engineers shall disclose any situation that may impact engineer’s professional judgment or service quality. Therefore, asking for additional funding should allow ample time for establishing the correct results that should be presented to the company leaders. Severally, such moves may be misinterpreted for conflicting interest in an established business venture (Harris, Michael, & Michael, 2009). As such, I should make all my intentions regarding the p roject clear before the company officials prior to requesting for additional funding. This will ensure that doubts that may have existed about my intention of requesting for additional funding are eliminated. ... nces that could influence or appear to influence their professional judgment or the quality of their service.† From the facts presented in this case, I have an obligation to my employers or clients (NSPE, 2007). After conducting research with this local company, I got appealing results, which does not necessarily mean that the results would be in tandem with their expectations. Since I am not sure that the company’s product, urethane, is closest to matching the human muscle response, I should search for more evidence. Otherwise, blindly accepting their concept as true will be acting in violation of the NSPE codes, which states that engineers shall disclose any situation that may impact engineer’s professional judgment or service quality. Therefore, asking for additional funding should allow ample time for establishing the correct results that should be presented to the company leaders. Severally, such moves may be misinterpreted for conflicting interest in an esta blished business venture (Harris, Michael, & Michael, 2009). As such, I should make all my intentions regarding the project clear before the company officials prior to requesting for additional funding. This will ensure that doubts that may have existed about my intention of requesting for additional funding are eliminated. In that sense, I will have acted in the right manner and without violating the NSPE codes of ethics that require engineers to disclose their plans for participating in projects. 3.0 Case Study Three The NSPE codes of ethics relevant to this case include (NSPE, 2007): 1. â€Å"Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interest.† 2. â€Å"Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.† 3. â€Å"Engineers shall disclose to their employers or

THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON LABOUR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON LABOUR - Essay Example Then it has collected some data of international trade volume and unemployment rate of a developing and a developed nation to find out whether any strong relationship does exist between the two variables. On the basis of its research, the study has come to the conclusion that trade does not significantly affect labor market in real world. Introduction: According to the Economic theory, we know that there are gains from trade. But these gains are reflected as net gains. Despite there been a secular increase in both exports and imports and has been regarded as a percentage of Gross National Product which is considered to be beneficial for the economy and also though the increased exports have generated additional employment opportunities, but still these changes have been accompanied by reduced employment opportunities and adjustment burdens for workers in import-competing industries. The workers had to adapt themselves to the new working environment of changing demand conditions in th e import competing industries which involve extended periods of job research, restraining and relocation which demands to be a bit costly venture. As per the analysis, women and the minorities, the less educated and the lower paid groups, as compared to men, had to take more burdens on themselves and they were not in a position to afford the cost even. Since the last two decades, quite a number of developing countries have undergone liberalization of their trade regimes. The proponents of such liberalization have argued that one of the chief beneficiaries of greater openness to trade is the workers in these countries. Basically, trade liberalization with abundant supply of labor has encouraged producers to reallocate output towards labor intensive goods. Hence the resulting increase in the demand for labor, given the labor market conditions, has translated into some condition of an increase in employment and wages. The logic behind this argument has been totally justified and compel ling and has been supported by the proponents of early liberalization as the Newly Industrialized Economies of East Asia like Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. According to Robbins in the year 1996, and Wood in 1997, recent episodes of trade liberalization have appeared not to have been associated with large improvements in prospects for the typical worker. The apparent divergence between the expectations of liberalization advocates and the recent evidence has been explained by various factors. For example, the liberalization in trade has lead to an inflow of new technologies from abroad. But in this case, the growing evidence suggests that the new technologies are increasingly skill biased and therefore according to the recent episodes of trade liberalization that may lead to an increased demand for workers but that will comprised of less number of workers who are highly skilled, as per Wood in 1997. ( Wood, 1997) On the other way, the available evidence may be incomplete in some important ways. As for example, it has been highly observed that the short run effects of liberalization are likely to be adverse for aggregate labor, even among the proponents of trade liberalization. It takes a lot of time for resources to get reallocated in new firms and industries and it is also possible that the available time series is not enough to capture the effects of trade fully. In a similar way, the number of countries that have been taken into observation may not be the most appropriate ones.

Fieldwork Research Paper - Buddhism Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fieldwork - Buddhism - Research Paper Example This fieldwork project was carried out during two trips to the Center on April 27th, and May 1st. This researcher had sent a preliminary e-mail query on April 23rd describing summarily the fieldwork to be performed. Lama Chuck replied personally and said that he would be happy to oblige and thought that it would be beneficial for me to attend the evening classes on the 27th, which included: 6pm, Meditation Instruction; 7pm, Group Meditation Practice; and 7:45pm, Becoming Enlightened. The latter class included an induction to the foundations of Buddhism as well as comparing and contrasting it with other religions. This seemed advantageous as the purpose of this research was to gain a deeper understanding of Buddhism and its ability to translate its teachings to other cultures as well as other religions. This researcher was intrigued by the fact that on its website this center describes itself as, â€Å"†¦a (non-sectarian) Center dedicated to the cultivation of wisdom and compass ion.† (The Rime Center 2011) Which seems odd since one might think that Buddhism is a religion and therefore sectarian, or is it a philosophy and therefore non-sectarian? A further question arose as to one of the central practices of Buddhism, as well as other Eastern religions/philosophies, the practice of meditation. What is it? Is it a spiritual experience or simply a stress reduction method as viewed by the western eye? Again is it sectarian or non-sectarian? These are the core questions that this research will attempt to unravel. Research: Literature During this researchers filed trip to the Rime center, Lama Chuck recommended several books which are presented here as well as much of my own research of different articles and items that added to the overall appreciation of this Buddhist center. They are presented first to give the reader an overall view of Buddhism and some insight into the conversations and interviews that took place during the filed study. It is generall y considered that there are two traditional lines of Buddhist thought Theravada and Madhyamaka. Theravada is the more conservative and traditional Buddhist approach. This Pali word literally means â€Å"the teaching of the elders† and it is the oldest of the Buddhist practices. â€Å"Theravadin Buddhists study the early scriptures in Pali, honor the life of renunciation, and follow mindfulness meditation teachings.† (Fisher 2005: 142) In this tradition the Buddha is certainly an historical figure that now no longer exists but has left his teachings or the â€Å"Dharma† as a guide for his followers.. Madhyamaka (also known as Mahayan) regards the Buddha as a universal principle. Literally translated as â€Å"The Middle Way,† Madhyamaka represents in a sense the line between conservative and liberal of the traditions and in life itself. It is the dividing line between polar opposites. Metaphysically, Buddha is said to be an immanent presence in the universe with three aspects, or â€Å"bodies†: first, the enlightened wisdom of a Buddha, which is formless; second, the body of bliss, celestial aspect of Buddhahood that communicates the dharma to bodhisattvas; and the third body of transformation, by which the Buddha

The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway Essay Example for Free

The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway Essay The Old Man and the Sea is a story, in my view, about man vs. the elements, individuality, and one mans obsession to dominate his world. For Ernest Hemingway far more than for most men, the specter of age was a terrible specter indeed, and the virtue of action upon which he had based his art in his life was the virtue of the young. This, I believe, pervaded the legendary figure of Ernest Hemingway as the youthful, virile adventurer, tempered with humility. Hemingway has been notably preoccupied with individualism as well as self-endurance and, in my view, no where is this more exemplified than in his novel The Old Man and the Sea. The Old Man and the Sea is basically a story about an old man who sets out in a small boat on what presumes to be a routine fishing expedition. Unexpectedly, he connected with a very large fish which precipitated a struggle which appeared interminable. The fish was a marlin, and the struggle resulted in the death and capture of this enormous fish. At that point, he secured the marlin and headed home. Unfortunately, along the way, he was besieged by sharks which he was unable to fight off. The time span in the novel The Old Man and the Sea is relatively short. The old mans name is Santiago, and he spends all of eighty-four days without catching a fish. After his first nibble from this great marlin, he struggles greatly to hang on to this fish even though every muscle in his body causes him the greatest pain à ¾ and the second night he nibbles on a small fish and sleeps for the first time, whereupon a furious jerk of the line awakens him. Its during the third day that the great marlin begins to circle the boat and, in almost no time, the sharks (beginning with a mako) begin to move in on Santiagos catch. Even after Santiago brings in the bare remains of the flesh-stripped marlin, it creates a big stir among the village fisherman, and tourists observe with detached amusement the skeletal remains of Santiagos three-day battle. They do not understand the nature or significance of Santiagos experiences. Hemingway refers to the fishing rod being part of a life-death cycle. While the rod is alone without a fish on the other end, it is dead. However, when there is a fish on the end of the line, the rod becomes a living rod. This life ends, however, when the fish is removed from the line. The struggle for life is aptly presented in this story by Hemingway through describing the struggle of a fish and a man in which the fish struggles to free himself, while the man struggles to maintain him. It is a huge fish and he puts up a great fight. Two Hearted River: Part II à ¾ Summary and Analysis. Another story regarding life and death and the struggle for life was Ernest Hemingways short story Two Hearted River: Part II. he warmth and life-giving quality of the sun is mentioned early in the story. In the morning, it is as if the grasshoppers are lifeless. It takes the warmth and life-giving quality of the sun to spring these creatures to life. One grasshopper slowly works its way out of the b ottle Nick was holding. It seemed that temporarily this grasshopper had found life. However, as it jumped into the stream, its life was over as a trout ate the small animal and killed it. Another grasshopper was taken from the bottle. It was alive and squirming in Nicks hand. Nick then took a hook and thrust it into the thorax and the abdomen of the creature, killing it. Thus, life occurs one moment and death takes over the next. Another struggle is identified by Hemingway in this story. A living trout is hooked by Nick once more. The trout puts up a desperate struggle to free himself from the hook in his mouth. However, the struggle is lost and Nick hauls in the fish. Although he is allowed to live temporarily in a small sack that is filled with water, the fate of this fish is obvious. Nick holds the fish and whacks him against a log. The life in the fish ceases. The wriggling of the body stops as he turns rigid and lifeless. The death of a tree is also mentioned in this story. A huge, living elm had been uprooted by the force of the river, and it was not dead and lifeless. The aforementioned, Two Hearted River: Part II, is a minor work by E. Hemingway. At the same time, I chose this particular story because I felt it had particular significance for the primary subject of this research paper. Published Criticism At this point, I should like to proffer some criticism of Ernest Hemingway à ¾ and at the same time attempt to relate this to the primary topic of choice, i.e. The Old Man and the Sea. Whether Hemingway every achieved an ultimate solution to the dilemma of his approach to age, virtue and boyishness is not for us to judge, although the circumstances of his death indicated that he could not and would not abide a final weakening of those powers which were so important to the protagonists of his stories. In the last decade or so of his life, however, Hemingway did find a way to cope with the fact of his own age. He would dramatize what he could not avoid. Because of his absolute youthfulness, he regards old age as an utter and complete tragedy, as it is of course the only true tragedy, and he is not going to degrade himself by maturing or anything absurd of that sort. All the same, since he has a sense of costume, he will emphasize his decline in all its hopelessness by sprouting a white beard and generally acting the part of Senex. To a large extent, I believe that this critique has to do with the old man who has to give up on catching this fish. Similarly, in my mind , there is strong metaphysical evidence in terms of the old man and his refusal to give up on a struggle which he personally acknowledges is particularly difficult due to his old age à ¾ but yet he refuses to capitulate to this inevitability. Why is it that Ernest Hemingway pursues such thematic material with such drive and vigor? I believe that the answer may be found within the man himself. It has been acknowledged by critics à ¾ almost unanimously à ¾ that much of his thematic material reflects the man himself as, in my view, do his novels and short stories, as already indicated. To this extent, I should like to offer some biography on Ernest Hemingway which may serve to illuminate this belief. Hemingway was the second of six children of Clarence and Grace Hemingway. Upon graduation from Oak Park High School in 1917, he chose journalism instead of college, and spent seven educational months as a cub reporter for the Kansas City Star. Hemingway secured a part-time job as a feature writer for the Toronto Star and, in the fall of 1920, he became contributing editor of a trade journal in Chicago wherein he met one, Hadley Richardson, whom he married in September of 1921. Together they sailed for France and, for nineteen months occupied a walk-up flat in the Latin quarter of Paris. Hemingways serious writings began tentatively with the Paris publication in 1923-24 of two slender books of pros and poetry, yet his name was still little known in the U.S. Subsequently, he divorced Hadley and moved to Key West, Florida in 1928. He remained there for twelve years and completed A Farewell to Arms. There is much to be said about this man, and his experiences in Spain represented an entire chapter unto themselves. In Cuba in 1945, Hemingway began a romantic novel of reminiscences, including The Garden of Eden which, to date, to my knowledge, remains unpublished. Considering Hemingways passion for the sea à ¾ where he spent much of his life à ¾ and fishing, the thematic content of The Old Man and the Sea, to me, underscores the thematic content of individualism, struggle against the elements, and the refusal to bend to the challenges of time and old age.

Delegation :: essays research papers

Delegation Human Resources Management Ever watch good delegates in action? They know exactly which jobs to hand and to whom. They know the old talents to tap and the new talents to test. Somehow, they even make the busiest people feel privileged to do even more. Delegating is a management tool that should be used in every company out there. Mark Twain once said, â€Å"To be good is noble, but to teach other’s how to be good is nobler—and much less trouble.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Webster’s Dictionary defines delegating as entrusting authority to another. The key to delegating is the word entrust. When you delegate, you entrust the entire matter to the other person along with sufficient authority to make it work. It involves authorizing others to carry out specific tasks under your general supervision. It forces the manager to be more organized because the supervisor must outline projects, assign responsibilities, set deadlines, and check progress.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several guidelines to effectively delegate. You must communicate fully the degrees of freedom and judgment you expect the other person to use. Delegate authority as well as responsibility. Your subordinate must have the authority to carry out the responsibilities they have been delegated. Setting performance standards also allows the individual to understand the outcome you expect. Finally, delegate your reoccurring work, and don’t dump. The supervisor must not abdicate his responsibilities, and must understand that the responsibilities are never lifted from his shoulders, and understand that the responsibilities of the results of the unit are still the managers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are five steps to delegation. First you must define the task completely. You then must determine to whom to delegate the project to. The most important step is to provide clear communication of what the instructions are and your expectations regarding the task. The delegator and delegatee must than reach a mutual agreement about the task and any deadlines you may provide. Finally, you must monitor and evaluate the results and provide feedback to let the individual know your thoughts on the task.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone benefits from delegation by having time to accomplish the management duties that often get neglected. This may include long range planning, innovation, and coordination with your work group and representing your work group and its members to higher management. These things don’t get done well when you are heavily involved in the day-to-day work of your section. The delegator has more time for advance skills while the delegatee gains new skills and abilities.

Promoting Morality in the Aeneid and Metamorphoses Essay -- Comparison

Promoting Morality in the Aeneid and Metamorphoses    Just as the authors of the Bible use an evocative, almost mythological vehicle to convey covenants and laws that set the moral tone for Hebrew and Christian societies, Latin poets Virgil and Ovid employ a similarly supernatural method to foster their own societal and moral goals in Roman society. Where Virgil's Aeneid depicts Aeneas as the ideal, duty-bound Roman patriarch absent from the conflicted Rome of Virgil's youth, Ovid's Metamorphoses lacks the patriotic undertones of Virgil's epic. Instead, Ovid's lighthearted Metamorphoses depicts several mythical stories - some not unlike the etiological justifications found in the early Hebrew scriptures - which chronicle the transitory nature of life and its effect on society. When Augustus defeated Marc Antony at Actium and began the first acts in his rule of what would be one of history's most powerful empires, he sought to restore the morality and patriotism characteristic of pre-civil-war Rome. The stolid Roman patriarch, thought lost in the melee of civil strife, became the center of Augustus' propaganda and legislative campaign to once again bring honor and morality to his empire. It is from Virgil's unfinished epic The Aeneid that this exemplary citizen arises, one who is not only a fierce warrior but foregoes personal happiness for the welfare of his country as well. Virgil's unfinished epic - almost discarded by its author until Augustus intervened - not only serves to smooth over the violence and slaughter of the past civil wars by attributing them to the course of fate but also uses this strife as a tool to carve Aeneas as an ideal patriarchal figure. All these images on Vulcan's shield His mother's gif... ...y. 6 Oct. 1999 Gillis, Daniel. Eros and Death in the Aeneid. L'ERMA, di BRETDCHNEIDER, ROMA, 1983. Henry, Elisabeth.   The Vigour of Prophecy, A Study of Virgil's Aeneid. Bristol Classical Press, Great Britain, 1989. Lyne, R.O.A.M. Further Voices in Vergil's Aeneid. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1987. Mandelbaum, Allen, trans. The Metamorphoses of Ovid. By Ovid. San Diego: Harcourt Brace & company, 1993. Poschl, Viktor. The Art of Vergil, Image and Symbol in the Aeneid. Trans. Gerda Seligson, Greenwood Press, Connecticut 1986. Silvestris, Bernardus. Commentary on the First Six Books of Virgil's Aeneid. Translated by Schreiber and Maresca. University of Nebraska Press. London, 1979. Quinn, Kenneth. Vergil's Aeneid, A Critical Description. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London. 1968.

B-Tec Sport Risk Factors

Figure 1: Head injuries (e.g. concussion, unconsciousness), spinal injuries, simple and compound fractures, joint injuries (e.g. dislocations, tennis and golf elbow, torn cartilage, twisted ankle), soft tissue, cuts, grazes and blisters, dehydration and hypothermia. Risk Factor Sporting Situation Most likely injury to occur Impact of injury on successful sports performance Short term Effects Long term Effects Lack of warm-up Football Pulled muscles e.g. pulled hamstring, pulled quadriceps etc†¦ The short term affect of a lack of warm up is that it you could pull your muscles. The time that you are out of action for will depend on the extent of the injury. The normal period of time that you will be out for with pulled muscles is 2-3 weeks. The long term affects of a lack of warm up is that it could take longer for you to recover from any injuries that you might have. A constant lack of warm up will result in you being out of action for a longer period when you are injured in the future. Lack of cool down Football Cramp The short term affect of a lack of cool down is that it can cause a build up of lactic acid which will lead to cramp. To prevent this, all you need to do is do a short cool down at the end of each physical activity e.g. light jog around the playing area. The long term affects of a lack of cool down is that you will be required to warm up more than usual to loosen up any tight muscles before participating in any future physical activities. Constant lack of cool down may cause you to get cramp persistently. Poor physical fitness/physique Football Pulled muscles e.g. calf strain, pulled quadriceps The short term affect of poor physical fitness and a poor physique is that it will cause pulled muscles. To prevent this, all that is required is for you to stay in shape by doing regular exercise. The exercise does not have to be done at a high intensity level as long as you exercise regularly. The long term affects of poor physical fitness and a poor physique is that it will take you longer to recover from injuries. For example if you get a hamstring injury, it will normally take you two weeks to recover from it. However, if you have poor physical fitness and a poor physique, it might take you 3-4 weeks. Risk Factor Sporting Situation Most likely injury to occur Impact of injury on successful sports performance Short term Effects Long term Effects Inadequate diet Boxing Back strain, dehydration, unconsciousness. The short term affect of having an inadequate diet is that can cause injury. Carrying extra weight can cause you to get a back strain. It can also cause you to perform poorly. Sports stars especially boxers need to have a good diet consisting of carbohydrates, calcium, fats (not too much), fibre, minerals, proteins and vitamins. The long term affects of having an inadequate diet is that it can limit the amount of time that you are involved in sport at the highest level. If you eat too much fatty foods it will lead to weight gain, which will then be harder to get rid of as you get older. Over dehydrating can also cause you to fall unconscious. This can be a big risk to your general health. Misuse of alcohol & drugs Boxing Unconsciousness, drowsiness, dehydration etc†¦ The short term affect of misuse of alcohol and drugs is that it can cause drowsiness and dehydration. Too much alcohol and drugs could even lead to you fainting. There are not many negative short term affects of taking performance enhancing drugs. However, there are negative long term affects. For misuse of alcohol and drugs. The long term affects of misuse of alcohol and drugs are that it can cause permanent damage to organs in the body which can affect performance in sport. Too much alcohol can cause damage to the liver which can make it difficult for the athlete to perform. Misuse and overuse of alcohol and drugs can also result in decrease in stamina. Stamina is one of the most important aspects of a boxer. Drinking alcohol and taking drugs excessively can also slow down your reactions. Environment Football Cuts, grazes and dislocations. The short term affect of an environment with dangerous surroundings is that you could injure yourself e.g. if a player slid into the advertisement boards he could get cut etc†¦ The long term affect of an environment with dangerous surroundings such as advertisement boards is that you can dislocate a part of your body which can result you being out of action for a while. Poor technique Rugby Dislocations, broken arm, broken leg, bruising etc†¦ The short term affect of poor technique can be a minor injury such as bruising. This might keep you out of action for about a week depending on the extent of the bruising. If a rugby player has not been taught the correct way to tackle, he could injure himself as well as the opposing player. The long term affects of poor technique are that it can cause a serious injury. These injuries can include a dislocated shoulder, broken arm, broken leg etc†¦ These injuries can keep you out for quite a long time. Another long term affect is that until you don't work on your technique, you will continue to cause injury and you will also be a technically poor athlete. Risk Factor Sporting Situation Most likely injury to occur Impact of injury on successful sports performance Short term Effects Long term Effects Lack of skill Basketball Twisted ankle, ligament damage. The short term affect of a lack of skill is that you can get an injury such as a twisted ankle. If a basketball player tries to a slam dunk but he lands awkwardly he might twist his ankle. The long term affects of a lack of skill is that you can get ligament damage. This is the type of injury that can affect your future performances even when you have fully recovered. Inappropriate clothing Rugby Torn ligaments, broken leg. The short affect of inappropriate clothing is that it can affect your performance. For example if you make good runs but you have a loose t-shirt, an opposing player is likely to take advantage by constantly pulling you t-shirt which will prevent you from playing your best. The long term affects of inappropriate clothing is that it can cause serious injury. If you have a loose t-shirt on and an opposing player pulls your t-shirt and you fall down in an awkward position you could get seriously injured. You could get torn ligaments there is even a possibility of you breaking you leg. This will keep you out for a long time. Overtraining Football Pulled hamstring, pulled quadriceps, cramp, muscle fatigue. The short term affect of overtraining if muscle fatigue and cramp. Overtraining is bad for the body. You should only train according to how much your body can endure. This will prevent muscle fatigue and cramp. The long term affect of overtraining is also muscle fatigue. If continue to persistently over train, your body will finally give in and you will have to take a long break from any physical activity. Constantly overtraining can also cause you to pull you muscles such as pulled quadriceps. Weather conditions Football Twisted ankle, ligament damage. The short term affect of poor weather conditions is that it can have a negative affect on your performance. If the football pitch is waterlogged, it will be difficult to play well. The long term affect of poor weather conditions is that you can get injured. The weather might be so poor that it might affect the pitch in a bad way which can cause the players to get injuries such as twisted ankles and ligament damage. Playing surface Football Twisted ankle, ligament damage. The short term affect of a poor playing surface is that can affect your performance in the game. If the pitch has lumps and big patches of mud, players will find it difficult to perform well. The long term affect of a poor playing surface is that it can cause injury. Your foot might get caught in the ground which can result in a twisted ankle or ankle ligament damage. Risk Factor Sporting Situation Most likely injury to occur Impact of injury on successful sports performance Short term Effects Long term Effects Lifting and carrying procedures for specialist equipment Rugby Back strain, twisted ankle. The short term affect of not using the correct procedure when lifting something is injuring yourself as well as the player you are lifting. The correct way of lifting something or someone is to bend your knees and back. The long term affect of not using the correct procedure when lifting something or someone is permanent damage. If you lift something or someone in an incorrect way you could do some permanent damage to your back. This will limit what you can do in future physical activities. Inappropriate or lack of specialist sporting equipment Rugby Bruising, cuts, concussion. The short term affect of having a lack of specialist sporting equipment is that it can cause injury. For example If a rugby player is not wearing a mouth-guard, he could get his teeth knocked out. The long term affect of having a lack of specialist sporting equipment is that can affect your performance and it can cause you to get injured more often. Misuse of protective equipment Boxing Groin injury, concussion etc†¦ The short term affect of misuse of protective equipment is that you will be more prone to injuries. For example if a boxer needs to wear a foul protector but he doesn't he will get injured if he gets punched in the groin. The long term affect of misuse of protective equipment is that you will get injured very easily. If you don't use a mouth guard when boxing, you could get damage to the mouth. Faulty and damaged equipment Football Twisted ankle, bruising to the shin, shin splits etc†¦ The short term affect of using faulty and damaged equipment is that it might cause injury. If you don't wear shin pads, you will come out with bruising to the shin in the least possible scenario. The long term affect of using faulty and damaged equipment is that you can get seriously injured. If a player tackles you with a lot of force on your shins, you can split your shins. This is a very painful injury and will keep you out of action for a while. Behaviour of other participants endangering others Football Bruising, cuts, grazes, concussion etc †¦ The short term affect of this is that you will pick up an injury that will probably keep you out of physical action for about a couple of weeks. The long term affect of this is that you might get permanent scaring or cuts if players start going out of order e.g. fighting.

Effective Speaking Skills

————————————————- Effective Speaking Skills ————————————————- the basics for The Ice-breaker The icebreaker! (Aurora Australis) No not that one†¦ You’re first speech as a Toastmaster and, arguably, you’re most important. The icebreaker is the pretext for all speeches to follow and the one in which you’re good and bad speaking habits are identified. My talk tonight will include the Icebreakers; Purpose, structure and provide you with information on how to write and present your first speech as a toastmaster.It is important to note that in the fourth and final night of speech craft you will all be giving your own icebreakers. So firstly what is the purpose of the icebreaker? Quite simply the icebreaker is designed to give new participants a n introduction to public speaking; to give the speaker a feel for presenting a topic in front of a captive audience. The icebreaker is also used to discover speaking skills that you already have and identify which areas of your abilities need development.The icebreakers structure is typical to that of most speeches having an introduction, body and conclusion. Now without revisiting the fifth grade let me summarize quickly the most important features of each component. The introduction is used to reveal the topic and maybe most importantly GRAB ATTENTION. Continuing with your speech from this point would be futile if the listener has no reason to actively follow your speech. Great attention grabbers are things such as asking rhetorical questions, making startling statements, using humor or narrative and arousing curiosity.While most toastmasters are just as good listeners as they are speakers it is a simple truth that, outside of these walls, unless you give someone a reason to liste n to you; they won’t. The body of course is the crux of your talk and the reason you are standing in front of your peers. We will touch more on what the body of an icebreaker speech would normally include shortly. Finally the conclusion is used to summarize your speech and should always finish with impact.This can be achieved by closing with a quotation or narrative. The second and most unique component to the Icebreakers structure is its timing. The Icebreaker is a four to six minute speech and as you will notice on the timekeepers lights; the green light appears at four minutes, the amber at five and the red at six. So how do I write and present my icebreaker speech? The best way to begin your speaking experience is to talk about a familiar subject – yourself.It would be near impossible to condense your life into 5 minutes so you must narrow it by selecting some significant and interesting life events that will give your fellow toastmasters an introduction and brief insight into you as an individual. This might include your birthplace, education, family and/or future ambitions. You could speak of your recent travels to Asia and tell of some funny stories whilst there or you could simply give a brief chronological account of your life to this point highlighting the key parts.Select your visual aids carefully should you choose to use them. Be wary not to provide too much or too little information so as to confuse the viewer and listener. For instance; if I was suddenly giving a lesson on the special theory of relativity it’s simply a gross impracticality to provide all the information in a single slide expecting the listener to understand. Instead provide your visual be it a slide presentation or object with as much simplicity and symbolism as possible so as to maximize meaning whilst minimizing clutter.

An Omnipotent Government: Utopia or Dystopia Essay

â€Å"Utopia: an idealized place of perfection or a visionary scheme for a perfect society† (Agnes). However, what if the ideals of utopia result in the seeds of dystopia? What if a government that is able to rule a perfect society, oversteps its bounds and causes destruction of freedom? In the dystopian novels 1984, A Brave New World, and The Giver, the government controls every thought, every fear, every story, and every emotion. These novels warn of the threat of a government that becomes too involved in its citizens’ lives. When citizens allow themselves to be uncaring and uninformed about their government, the ultimate price is freedom and liberty. These novels show that freedom is much to high a cost; momentary contentment should never come at the expense of liberty. Adolf Hitler once said, â€Å"If you tell a big enough lie and tell it frequently enough, it will be believed† (Huxley). Propaganda is a very powerful tool that can be used for good or evil. In 1984 the Party’s slogan, â€Å"WAR IS PEACE. FREEDOM IS SLAVERY. IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH,† convinces its citizens that they want what the government has given them: war, slavery, and ignorance (Orwell). They do not want freedom because it is slavery. They are made to believe that peace and serenity come only during war. They are uninformed about their world, and this gives them strength. This type of government propaganda controls what citizens think by controlling what is heard on the radio, the television, the newspaper, and all other forms of media. In A Brave New World, propaganda is not only forced on citizens through media, but also during sleep. At the time Huxley wrote his novel, a new technique of â€Å"sleep learning† had become popular. The technique hypnopaedia was an interesting concept but actually caused negative behavior. Huxley used this in his novel as a form of government brainwashing. In A Brave New World, those in power used â€Å"sleep lea rning† to instill their beliefs in the citizenry of London (Clareson). This â€Å"sleep learning† is a type of non-rational propaganda. Huxley compares the two kinds of propaganda, rational and non-rational. Rational propaganda appeals to a person’s own best interest. Rational propaganda can only be used in a society where people have reason and morals. They could use the propaganda to rationalize what is in their best interest. Nevertheless in a society without reason or morals, what kind of propaganda is effective? Non-rational propaganda appeals not to any person’s best interest, but to their emotions. â€Å"The power to respond to reason and truth exist in all of us. On the other hand, unfortunately, does the tendency to respond to unreason and falsehood—particularly in cases where the falsehood evokes some enjoyable emotion† (Huxley 265). Huxley applies Hitler’s rule that the behavior of the masses is not determined by knowledge, but by feelings and innate drives. The propaganda in A Brave New World appeals to passion instead of reason (Clareson). Punishment is a powerful method of controlling any person. The fear of something that causes pain or unhappiness is usually an effective way to keep a person from rebelling. In The Giver, the fear of â€Å"release† or death kept all the citizens from breaking any rules. Even a simple mistake could cost a life. When a pilot in training accidentally flew over the city, the elders comforted the citizens, â€Å"Needless to say, he will be released† (Lowery 21). The citizens in The Giver did not understand that â€Å"release† meant death, but they could comprehend that it was not a desirous thing. In Lowery’s novel, no one broke rules. When Jonas’ father looked at the name of a baby before the naming ceremony, Jonas was shocked. He could not believe his father had broken a rule. In 1984, many people were hanged for a crime. â€Å"Thought Crime† was punishable by death. The Thought Police could not watch everyone’s thoughts simultaneously, but if they came across a belief that did not align with the party, death was the result. However public execution is not the only form of death in 1984. â€Å"Disappearances† were a common occurrence throughout the novel. Often those guilty of â€Å"thought crimes† just disappeared. All records of their existence were erased, and the Party attempted to remove all memories of them through â€Å"double think† (Orwell). Huxley takes a completely different approach in his novel. Pleasure is the key to controlling the citizenry in A Brave New World. A review of the book states, â€Å"Pleasure is the most powerful motivator of man† (Clareson). Research has proven that rewarding good behavior is more effective than punishing wrong behavior. Where the citizens in 1984 are controlled by fear of punishment, the citizens in A Brave New World are controlled by reinforcing desirous behavior. The main tools used by the government to regulate society are sex and Soma, a drug used by all citizens in the novel. The people’s awareness is suppressed to th e point that the World Controller refers to them as â€Å"nice tame animals.† They sacrificed their entire future for the pleasure of the moment. If a citizen disagreed with the government in A Brave New World, they would be given soma and through â€Å"sleep learning† be retaught the importance of government and their place in society (Huxley). The government fundamentally brainwashes its citizens to keep them ignorant of anything other than what they need know. Knowledge is a valuable thing. â€Å" If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, it expects what never was and will never be†¦the people cannot be safe without information. Where the press is free, and everyone is able to read; all is safe† (Huxley). One important factor in controlling a large group of people is limiting his or her knowledge and resources. In 1984, the government uses a new form of speaking called â€Å"news speak.† Newspeak is a simplified version of the truth. The problem with this is when things are simplified we do not get the full version of the truth; instead we get a biased form of it. In 1984, the government controls information allowing only what reflects well on them to be released. â€Å"Don’t you see the whole aim of newspeak is to narrow the range of thought† (Orwell). Lowery also shows a limitation of knowledge in her novel. In The Giver, the elders censor their peoples’ language, emotions, and behaviors. Only the Giver and Receiver are allowed access to books and memories. The citizens in this novel are childlike in their understanding of things (Hanson). They literally have a limited vision and no way to think for themselves, or to make decisions without the Giver’s help. Taking away knowledge is a powerful thing and dangerous thing. â€Å"Who controls the past, controls the future: who controls the present controls the past† (Orwell 32). History and memories are essential to a society. When citizens forget the past; it numbs the entire citizenry. In 1984, the government constantly changes the past so it portrays them in a better light. â€Å"The party is at war with Eurasia therefore it always has been at war with Euras ia† (â€Å"Eternal Vigilance†). â€Å"Double think† is a form of thinking created by the government in Orwell’s novel. To â€Å"double think† is to have two contrary beliefs and believe both of them, while only expressing one. Orwell’s main character Winston knows when something is a lie, but has no evidence to controvert it. He says, â€Å" The past†¦had not merely been altered, it had been destroyed† (Orwell 33). In The Giver, only the Giver himself and Jonas the Receiver are allowed access to the history of their city. Upon discovering the outside world and time Jonas says, â€Å"I’m sorry sir. I don’t know what you mean when you say ‘the whole world’ or ‘generations before him.’ I thought there was only us. I thought there was only now.† Before becoming the Receiver, Jonas like all the others in his community only understood the here and now. To them everything outside of their own city simply was â€Å"elsewhere† (Low ery 56). When Jonas does discover his people’s past, he longs for a different future; knowing that there was more to life then what was offered by his elders. Emotion is an essential part of a human being. In these dystopian novels, emotion is either used as a tool for the government or completely eliminated from society. In 1984, negative emotions are used to create a common enemy among the people. Every day, all citizens were required to participate in the â€Å"two minutes hate.† During this time, they focused on an enemy of â€Å"The Party† and exhibited very animalistic behavior (Orwell 5). They also trained children from a very young age making Party minions. Winston describes his neighbor Parsons, â€Å"a man of paralyzing stupidity, a mass of imbecile enthusiasm- one of those completely unquestioning devoted drudges on whom†¦the stability of ‘The Party’ depended† (Orwell 22). Lowery instead of using emotions, tried to completely suppress them. In The Giver, there is no such thing as color, love, or joy. Jonas’ world is dependent of content people who ask few questions and see no need fo r change. Their lives are planned for them; spouses are picked out and children are applied for. All these monumental decisions are made by the council of elders. Jonas is accustomed to a life of â€Å"sameness.† Upon turning twelve and becoming the Receiver, Jonas’ lackluster world transforms into a vibrant new place. The memories given to him allow Jonas to experience love and warmth. â€Å"I like the feeling of love†¦but I can see that it was a dangerous way to live† (Lowery 126). In The Giver, â€Å"stirrings† are treated with a subduing drug. This represses any curiosity and imagination the young people have. Adults are also required to take medicine that eliminates their sexual desires (Henson). There is nothing beyond what is required and no desire for something more. In each of these cautionary novels, there are uneducated people who have no desire to become informed. Government has become so controlling that even history has been changed. Propaganda and emotions are only means to advance the government. Liberty is the price paid for stability, safety, and community. Their world did not become the desired utopia instead it became a dystopia. Webster’s dictionary defines dystopia as â€Å"a place where people lead dehumanized and often fearful lives† (Agnes). Liberty and freedom must be earned and guarded. Enlightened and empowered citizens must keep them alive. The dystopian life shown in these novels is only a threat if citizens allow their freedoms to be taken away. When citizens allow themselves to be uncaring and uninformed about their government, the ultimate price is freedom and liberty. These novels show that freedom is much to high a cost; momentary contentment should never come at the expense of liberty. Works Cited Agnes, Michael, ed. â€Å"Utopia.† Webster’s New Dictionary and Thesaurus. Cleveland, Ohio: Wiley Publishing Inc., 2002. Print. Clareson, Thomas P. â€Å"The Classic: Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World.† Extrapolation 3.1(Dec. 1961): 34-40. Rpt in Contemporary Literature Critisism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Research, 1973. Literature Resource Center. Web. 23 January 2013. â€Å"Eternal Vigilance.† New Statesman [1996] 1 June 2009: 41+. Literature Resource Center. Web. 29 Jan. 2013. Hanson, Carter F. â€Å"The Utopian function of memory in Lois Lowry’s The Giver.† Extrapolation 50.1 (2009): 45+ Literature Resource Center. Web. 23 January 2013. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World and Brave New World Revisited. New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc., 2004. Print. Lowry, Lois. The Giver. New York: Dell Laurel –Leaf, 2002. Print. Orwell, George. 1984. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1991. Print.